Independent show-cause notices remain separate proceedings, while customs adjudication challenges should ordinarily follow the statutory appellate rem...
Institutional incapacity in customs settlement proceedings excludes non-functional quorum periods from statutory disposal timelines, preventing automa...
Interactive touchscreen panels with integrated computing functions fall under automatic data-processing machines rather than display monitors for cust...
Ex parte injunction service requirements were substantially met, while civil recovery and SFIO investigation into provident fund defalcation continued...
Weighted deduction for research and development was confined to expenditure approved by the prescribed authority, but the unapproved revenue outlay retained its character as business expenditure and was allowed under general deduction principles. The Tribunal also applied the presumption that investments were made from interest-free funds where own funds exceeded investments, so the interest component of the exempt-income disallowance was deleted and the balance was to be recomputed only against investments yielding exempt income. Rent paid to related parties for a farmhouse was only partly supported by business use, so the disallowance was restricted to 50%.
Weighted deduction for research and development was confined to expenditure approved by the prescribed authority, but the unapproved revenue outlay retained its character as business expenditure and was allowed under general deduction principles. The Tribunal also applied the presumption that investments were made from interest-free funds where own funds exceeded investments, so the interest component of the exempt-income disallowance was deleted and the balance was to be recomputed only against investments yielding exempt income. Rent paid to related parties for a farmhouse was only partly supported by business use, so the disallowance was restricted to 50%.
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