Educational approval requires mandatory State registration, but incidental surplus and trustee-owned land do not prove private benefit or profit motiv...
Judicial review of settlement orders cannot reopen settled customs notices, while statutory interest remains subject to verification and quantificatio...
Customs Broker licence lending for consideration justified revocation where exporter authorisation and client verification obligations were also breac...
Section 138 NI Act proceedings were described as quasi-criminal but predominantly criminal, with the offence lying in cheque dishonour and punishment operating mainly as deterrence rather than debt recovery. The compensatory component was treated separately, and moratorium under Part III of the IBC was held inapplicable to the criminal aspect but applicable to recovery of compensation in appropriate cases. For directors facing liability under Section 141, the use of "any debt" in Sections 96 and 101 of the IBC was read broadly to extend moratorium protection to compensatory obligations during personal insolvency. The text ends by noting that the controversy was not finally settled and was referred for authoritative consideration.
Section 138 NI Act proceedings were described as quasi-criminal but predominantly criminal, with the offence lying in cheque dishonour and punishment operating mainly as deterrence rather than debt recovery. The compensatory component was treated separately, and moratorium under Part III of the IBC was held inapplicable to the criminal aspect but applicable to recovery of compensation in appropriate cases. For directors facing liability under Section 141, the use of "any debt" in Sections 96 and 101 of the IBC was read broadly to extend moratorium protection to compensatory obligations during personal insolvency. The text ends by noting that the controversy was not finally settled and was referred for authoritative consideration.
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