Transaction value cannot be rejected solely on non-statutory valuation guidelines without corroborative evidence supporting reassessment of final cust...
Cross-examination rights and corroborated evidence limit customs penalties for misdeclaration in genuine import transactions involving documented clea...
Tariff classification of vehicle gear components follows the specific gearing entry, displacing motor-vehicle parts classification and related liabili...
Necessary-party requirements limit impleadment of independent entities, while deferred consideration does not create an appealable adverse determinati...
Food supplement classification requires common parlance and authoritative tests, preventing treatment as proprietary Ayurvedic medicines without suppo...
Section 138 NI Act proceedings were described as quasi-criminal but predominantly criminal, with the offence lying in cheque dishonour and punishment operating mainly as deterrence rather than debt recovery. The compensatory component was treated separately, and moratorium under Part III of the IBC was held inapplicable to the criminal aspect but applicable to recovery of compensation in appropriate cases. For directors facing liability under Section 141, the use of "any debt" in Sections 96 and 101 of the IBC was read broadly to extend moratorium protection to compensatory obligations during personal insolvency. The text ends by noting that the controversy was not finally settled and was referred for authoritative consideration.
Section 138 NI Act proceedings were described as quasi-criminal but predominantly criminal, with the offence lying in cheque dishonour and punishment operating mainly as deterrence rather than debt recovery. The compensatory component was treated separately, and moratorium under Part III of the IBC was held inapplicable to the criminal aspect but applicable to recovery of compensation in appropriate cases. For directors facing liability under Section 141, the use of "any debt" in Sections 96 and 101 of the IBC was read broadly to extend moratorium protection to compensatory obligations during personal insolvency. The text ends by noting that the controversy was not finally settled and was referred for authoritative consideration.
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