Stock exchange arbitration for listed company-shareholder disputes; exchanges must adopt SOPs and publish procedures for investor service issues. Stock exchange arbitration is mandated for disputes between listed companies and shareholders/investors concerning investor services and entitlements; exchanges must adopt SOPs to resolve transfer, demat/remat, duplicate share, transposition and corporate benefit disputes, apply the mechanism to RTAs acting for companies, notify listed issuers and publish the SOPs on their websites, and implement the directive under the regulator's statutory investor-protection powers with immediate effect.