2025 (10) TMI 38 - AT - Income Tax

Assessee entitled to TDS credit on salary despite manual certificate and employer non-deposit under Section 192

ITAT MUMBAI - AT held that the assessee is entitled to TDS credit on salary despite the employer issuing a manual salary certificate and failing to ... Non-granting of credit for the TDS deducted on the salary income - AR submitted that the employer did not issue a system-generated Form 16 but instead issued a manual salary certificate, HELD THAT:- As decided in DEVARSH PRAVINBHAI PATEL [2018 (9) TMI 1635 - GUJARAT HIGH COURT] even if the employer has failed to deposit the TDS so deducted from the salary of the assessee to the credit of Central Government, still the department cannot deny the benefit of tax deducted at source. we direct the AO to grant the assessee the credit of TDS deducted from his salary for the year under consideration. Accordingly, the grounds raised by the assessee are allowed. ISSUES PRESENTED AND CONSIDERED 1. Whether an assessee is entitled to claim credit for Tax Deducted at Source (TDS) on salary where the employer has deducted TDS but failed to deposit it with the Government Treasury and the credit is not reflected in Form 26AS. 2. Whether absence of a system-generated Form 16 or non-uploading of TDS details by the deductor precludes granting TDS credit when the assessee produces contemporaneous evidence of deduction (e.g., manual salary certificate/Form 16) and has taken steps to get the deductor to rectify the default. 3. The applicability and persuasive weight of coordinate Bench decisions and relevant High Court authorities on allowing TDS credit notwithstanding the deductor's failure to deposit or upload TDS. ISSUE-WISE DETAILED ANALYSIS Issue 1 - Entitlement to TDS credit where employer deducted but did not remit TDS Legal framework: The statutory scheme provides credit for tax deducted at source to the person on whose income tax is deducted; Form 26AS reflects deposited TDS. Administrative instructions by CBDT govern treatment where deductor fails to deposit TDS. The Tribunal and Courts consider documentary evidence of deduction and the actual facts when granting credit. Precedent treatment: The Court follows a coordinate Bench decision dealing with an identical factual matrix and refers to High Court decisions (including the jurisdictional High Court decision relied upon by the assessee and a Gujarat High Court decision) holding that the assessee cannot be penalised for the deductor's failure to deposit TDS and that credit may be allowed on evidence of deduction. Interpretation and reasoning: The Tribunal notes that the employer deducted TDS from salary (supported by a manual Form 16) but failed to deposit the same; consequently Form 26AS does not reflect the credit. The assessee made reasonable efforts to have the deductor rectify the default. In analogous cases the Tribunal and High Courts have held that where TDS was in fact deducted, the assessee should not be denied credit merely because the deductor omitted to deposit or upload details. Administrative instructions which direct non-enforcement or specific treatment where deductor defaults do not override the entitlement to credit when evidence of deduction exists and facts are established. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - Where tax has been deducted from the assessee's salary, the assessee is entitled to TDS credit on production of credible evidence of deduction even if the deductor has failed to remit the amount to the Government or upload details in Form 26AS; the Assessing Officer should grant credit after verification. Obiter - Remarks concerning administrative instructions of the CBDT and procedural modalities for collection in section 205 context are incidental to the primary holding. Conclusion: The Tribunal directs the Assessing Officer to grant TDS credit for the amount deducted from salary notwithstanding the deductor's failure to deposit the amount with the Government Treasury, subject to verification of the evidence of deduction. Issue 2 - Effect of non-issuance of system-generated Form 16 / non-uploading to Form 26AS when manual Form 16 is produced Legal framework: Evidence of tax deduction may be furnished by the assessee by production of TDS certificates or salary certificates; Form 26AS is a corroborative but not necessarily conclusive source where deductor default exists. Precedent treatment: The Tribunal and High Court authorities relied upon accept that absence of system-generated Form 16 or absence of entries in Form 26AS, if explained and supported by other credible documents proving deduction, do not ipso facto disentitle the assessee to credit. Interpretation and reasoning: The assessee produced a manual salary certificate (Form 16) evidencing deduction. The Tribunal treated such documentary proof, together with the factual finding that the employer deducted tax, as sufficient to require the Assessing Officer to give credit. The Tribunal viewed the deductor's administrative omission as a deficiency in the deductor's compliance, not as a substantive ground to deny the assessee the benefit of tax actually deducted. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - Credible documentary evidence of deduction (including manual Form 16) suffices to entitle the assessee to TDS credit despite non-uploading to Form 26AS; the Assessing Officer must verify and allow credit. Obiter - Observations on the preferability of system-generated certificates or the practical steps for deductors to rectify records are ancillary. Conclusion: Production of a manual salary certificate demonstrating deduction, combined with the assessee's efforts to get the deductor to rectify the default, requires the Assessing Officer to grant TDS credit after verification; lack of a system-generated Form 16 does not bar credit. Issue 3 - Reliance on coordinate Bench and High Court precedents and their precedential effect Legal framework: Decisions of coordinate Benches on identical factual matrices carry persuasive weight; High Court rulings on the question of law regarding entitlement to TDS credit where deductor defaults are binding on the Tribunal in the relevant jurisdiction. Precedent treatment: The Tribunal expressly follows a coordinate Bench decision in an identical factual matrix which directed grant of TDS credit. The Tribunal also cites and relies on High Court decisions holding that the department cannot deny TDS benefit where the employer failed to deposit money so deducted. Interpretation and reasoning: In the absence of any materially distinguishing features or contrary material produced by the Revenue, the Tribunal respectfully follows the coordinate Bench decision. The Tribunal treats the High Court authorities as reinforcing the legal proposition that the assessee should not be penalised for the deductor's failure to deposit and that evidence of deduction warrants grant of credit. Ratio vs. Obiter: Ratio - Where a coordinate Bench has adjudicated identical facts and legal questions, and High Court authority supports the proposition, the Tribunal will follow those precedents and direct the Assessing Officer to grant credit. Obiter - Comments on the non-submission of contrary material by the Revenue are contextual and do not constitute broader dicta. Conclusion: The Tribunal, following the coordinate Bench and applying relevant High Court authority, directs the Assessing Officer to grant the TDS credit claimed by the assessee for salary deductions notwithstanding non-deposit by the deductor, and allows the appeal accordingly.