1965 (12) TMI 18 - HC - Income Tax

Parliament's Authority Upheld in Gift-tax Act Validity Ruling

The court upheld the legislative competence of Parliament to enact the Gift-tax Act, 1958, finding it valid under Article 248 and Entry 97 of the ... Gift - Whether the transaction was mala fide and could not for that reason be a gift Issues Involved:1. Vires of the Gift-tax Act, 1958.2. Legislative competence of Parliament to enact the Gift-tax Act.3. Distinction between tax on lands and buildings and tax on gifts of lands and buildings.4. Validity of Section 4(c) of the Gift-tax Act regarding bona fide satisfaction of the Gift-tax Officer.Detailed Analysis:1. Vires of the Gift-tax Act, 1958:The primary issue in both writ petitions was the challenge to the vires of the Gift-tax Act, 1958. The petitioners contended that the Act was ultra vires of Parliament.2. Legislative Competence of Parliament:The petitioners argued that neither the Central legislature nor the State legislature could pass the impugned law. The contention was based on the interpretation of Article 248 and Entry 97 of List I of the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution. The court held that Article 248 grants Parliament exclusive power to legislate on matters not enumerated in the State or Concurrent Lists. Entry 97 further includes any tax not mentioned in either of those lists. The court found no specific entry relating to tax on gifts, thus bringing it under the ambit of Article 248 and Entry 97. The court concluded that the impugned legislation is fully protected by Article 248 read with Entry 97, and therefore, Parliament had the legislative competence to enact the Gift-tax Act.3. Distinction Between Tax on Lands and Buildings and Tax on Gifts of Lands and Buildings:The petitioners argued that the Gift-tax Act, in so far as it includes gifts of land and buildings, fell within the State legislature's domain under Entry 49 of List II. The court rejected this argument, stating that there is a clear difference between a tax on lands and buildings and a tax on gifts of lands and buildings. Entry 49 contemplates a tax on ownership or enjoyment of lands and buildings, not on the transfer of the same. The court cited several precedents to support its view, concluding that the impugned Act was validly passed by Parliament by virtue of Article 248 read with Entry 97.4. Validity of Section 4(c) of the Gift-tax Act:The petitioner in Writ Petition No. 566 of 1961 contended that the Gift-tax Officer had not recorded a finding that the impugned transaction was bona fide, which is a condition precedent under Section 4(c) of the Act. The court agreed that the transaction could be treated as a gift only if the Gift-tax Officer was bona fide satisfied that it was such. The court found that there was no such finding in the present case and remanded the case to the appellate authority for rehearing and deciding it in accordance with the provisions of Section 4(c) of the Act.Judgment:- Writ Petition No. 1291 of 1959: Dismissed with costs.- Writ Petition No. 566 of 1961: Allowed. The orders passed by the appellate authority were quashed, and the case was remanded to the appellate authority for rehearing in accordance with law. Costs in this writ petition were to be borne by the parties.This comprehensive analysis ensures that the legal terminology and significant phrases from the original judgment are preserved while providing a detailed understanding of the issues and the court's reasoning.