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Issues: (i) Whether the alleged motive arising from an unpaid sale consideration was proved. (ii) Whether the prosecution established beyond reasonable doubt that the appellant administered poison to the deceased and caused his death.
Issue (i): Whether the alleged motive arising from an unpaid sale consideration was proved.
Analysis: The prosecution case rested on the assertion that the appellant had not paid the price under the sale deed and that the deceased was pressing for payment. The surrounding circumstances, including the conduct of the parties after execution of the sale deed, the absence of any prompt demand by the deceased, and the evidence suggesting that the appellant had also asserted a monetary claim, made the alleged grievance uncertain. In a case based on circumstantial evidence, motive must itself be established with reasonable certainty.
Conclusion: The alleged motive was not satisfactorily proved.
Issue (ii): Whether the prosecution established beyond reasonable doubt that the appellant administered poison to the deceased and caused his death.
Analysis: The case depended entirely on circumstantial evidence. The prosecution had to prove that the deceased died of the poison in question, that the appellant possessed that poison, and that he had the opportunity to administer it. The chemical evidence did not clearly establish the quantity or lethal character of the suspected poison, and the vomit did not reveal the poison soon after the alleged administration. The ocular evidence was inconsistent and unreliable, while the conduct attributed to the appellant immediately after the incident was not sufficient, by itself, to complete the chain of circumstances. The circumstances did not exclude every reasonable hypothesis consistent with innocence.
Conclusion: The prosecution failed to prove the administration of poison and the appellant's guilt beyond reasonable doubt.
Final Conclusion: The conviction and sentence could not be sustained on the evidence, and the appellant was entitled to acquittal.
Ratio Decidendi: In a poisoning case based on circumstantial evidence, the prosecution must establish a complete chain proving motive, possession of the poison, opportunity to administer it, and death by the poison itself; if any material link remains doubtful, the accused is entitled to acquittal.
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