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        Insolvency and Bankruptcy

        2021 (6) TMI 1124 - Tri - Insolvency and Bankruptcy

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        Resolution plan approval upheld where statutory compliance was met and dissenting minority objections could not override commercial wisdom. A resolution plan will not be disturbed where it complies with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 and the CIRP Regulations, including treatment of ...
                        Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.

                            Resolution plan approval upheld where statutory compliance was met and dissenting minority objections could not override commercial wisdom.

                            A resolution plan will not be disturbed where it complies with the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 and the CIRP Regulations, including treatment of stakeholders, implementation structure, and the prescribed compliance certificate. A small dissenting minority of class creditors lacked a sustainable basis to challenge the Committee of Creditors' commercial decision, and the absence of an exit route for dissenting homebuyers did not vitiate the plan. The secured dissenting creditor's demand for fuller payment also failed, as the amount offered was found to meet the statutory minimum within the plan framework. The objections were rejected and the plan was approved as binding on all stakeholders.




                            Issues: (i) whether the objecting applicants had locus standi to challenge the resolution plan and the absence of an exit route for dissenting class creditors vitiated the plan; (ii) whether the resolution plan satisfied the mandatory requirements of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 and the CIRP Regulations, including treatment of stakeholders, implementation structure, and compliance certificate; (iii) whether the objection of the dissenting secured financial creditor required payment of its entire claim or other additional directions under the plan.

                            Issue (i): whether the objecting applicants had locus standi to challenge the resolution plan and the absence of an exit route for dissenting class creditors vitiated the plan.

                            Analysis: The application was filed by a very small fraction of the financial creditors in class, while the resolution plan had secured an overwhelming voting share in the Committee of Creditors. The objection to the plan on the ground that dissenting homebuyers were not given an exit route was considered in the context of the statutory deeming framework governing class representation and voting. The plan approval reflected the commercial decision of the Committee of Creditors, and the dissenting minority could not displace that decision merely by questioning the voting outcome or by insisting on an exit mechanism not required in the circumstances.

                            Conclusion: The applicants lacked a sustainable basis to impeach the plan on these grounds, and the objection was rejected.

                            Issue (ii): whether the resolution plan satisfied the mandatory requirements of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 and the CIRP Regulations, including treatment of stakeholders, implementation structure, and compliance certificate.

                            Analysis: The plan was examined against the statutory requirements governing resolution plans, including payment of insolvency resolution process costs, treatment of operational and financial creditors, management of the corporate debtor, feasibility of implementation, and the requirement that the plan not contravene existing law. The Tribunal accepted that a resolution plan may include restructuring of the corporate debtor by merger, amalgamation, demerger, or transfer to project-specific SPVs. It also found that the resolution professional had filed the prescribed compliance certificate and that adequate opportunity had been afforded to the class of creditors to consider the plan before voting. On this footing, the alleged complexity of the scheme, the project-wise restructuring, and the challenge to the voting process did not establish non-compliance with the statute or regulations.

                            Conclusion: The resolution plan was held to conform to the statutory and regulatory requirements and was found fit for approval.

                            Issue (iii): whether the objection of the dissenting secured financial creditor required payment of its entire claim or other additional directions under the plan.

                            Analysis: The secured creditor's objection focused on the amount proposed under the plan and asserted a right to be paid in a manner more favourable than the plan provided. The Tribunal accepted the resolution applicant's explanation that the amount offered, read with the amounts payable under the broader scheme, satisfied the statutory minimum under the Code and was consistent with the principle that the Committee of Creditors determines allocation within the framework of the law. No separate direction was found necessary for reassessment of the creditor's entitlement.

                            Conclusion: The objection of the secured financial creditor was rejected.

                            Final Conclusion: The resolution plan for the remaining projects was approved as binding on all stakeholders, the objections were dismissed, and the resolution process was brought to a final close.

                            Ratio Decidendi: An approved resolution plan will not be interfered with when it satisfies the statutory requirements of the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 and the CIRP Regulations, and challenges by a small dissenting minority cannot prevail over the commercial wisdom of the Committee of Creditors.


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