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of <h1>Joint account deposit in deceased's name belongs to estate, not widow. Court dismisses appeal, confirms ownership.</h1> <h3>Guran Ditta Versus T. Ram Ditta</h3> Guran Ditta Versus T. Ram Ditta - AIR 1928 PC 172 Issues:1. Ownership of the deposit amount in a joint account after the death of the depositor.2. Validity of any existing will left by the deceased.3. Entitlement to relief for the plaintiff.Analysis:Issue 1: Ownership of the deposit amount in a joint account after the death of the depositor.The case involved a dispute over the ownership of a deposit in a joint account following the death of the original depositor, Teku Ram. The appellant, Guran Ditta, and the widow, Musammat Gujri, were involved in the claim over the deposit. The deposit was initially made by Teku Ram in a joint account with his wife, payable to either or survivor. After Teku Ram's death, Musammat Gujri requested the bank to release the deposit to Guran Ditta. The courts below found that the deposit belonged to the estate of Teku Ram, the original depositor. The central question was whether the deposit constituted an advancement to Musammat Gujri or remained the property of Teku Ram.Issue 2: Validity of any existing will left by the deceased.The courts determined that Teku Ram did not leave any subsisting will, based on factual findings that were not contested during the appeal process. As a result, the issue of the will's validity concerning joint family property became irrelevant, as there was no will in existence to address this matter.Issue 3: Entitlement to relief for the plaintiff.The key legal question revolved around the construction of the terms of the deposit note and the application of equity principles. The courts considered whether there was a resulting trust in favor of the original depositor, Teku Ram, or if an actual gift to Musammat Gujri was intended. The legal principle applied stated that in the absence of a declaration of trust, a resulting trust favors the grantor unless an actual gift was intended. The exception in English law presuming a gift to a wife in certain deposit scenarios did not apply in Indian law due to different social relationships and customs. The courts held that there was no presumption of an intended advancement in favor of Musammat Gujri, concluding that the deposit and interest belonged to Teku Ram's estate.In the final judgment, the Privy Council affirmed the decisions of the lower courts, confirming that the deposit amount was the property of Teku Ram and dismissing the appeal. The decree was modified to provide a declaration that the deposit was not solely owned by Musammat Gujri, and the respondent was entitled to this declaration against the appellants. The issue of partial partition of the estate was addressed, with the courts deciding that justice could be served without immediate partition, leaving further property division matters for future determination.This detailed analysis outlines the critical legal issues, factual findings, and the application of legal principles in the judgment delivered by the Privy Council.
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