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Issues: Whether the demand was barred by limitation and whether the extended period could be invoked in the facts and circumstances of the case.
Analysis: The levy on the impugned goods was introduced for the first time by Notification No. 5/98-C.E. and was withdrawn shortly thereafter by Notification No. 17/98-C.E. The demand related to a short intervening period during which duty was legally leviable. However, the circumstances showed that the levy had caused immediate public protest and was widely perceived as temporary, the assessee supplied clearance figures promptly when called upon, and the show cause notice was issued long after those figures were furnished. On these facts, the absence of any deliberate concealment or intent to evade duty was established, and the ingredients necessary for invoking the extended period were not made out.
Conclusion: The demand was held to be time-barred and the extended period of limitation was not invokable; the appeal succeeded in favour of the assessee.
Ratio Decidendi: Where the facts do not disclose suppression of material facts or wilful misstatement and the assessee's conduct is consistent with a bona fide understanding that the levy was transitory, the extended period of limitation cannot be invoked.