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        Case ID :

        1967 (9) TMI 147 - HC - Indian Laws

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        Classification of attached machinery as movable property depends on annexation and purpose; recovery sale remained valid. Classification of a chattel attached to land depends on the facts, including the nature, mode and extent of annexation and the object of attachment. Under ...
                      Cases where this provision is explicitly mentioned in the judgment/order text; may not be exhaustive. To view the complete list of cases mentioning this section, Click here.
                        Provisions expressly mentioned in the judgment/order text.

                            Classification of attached machinery as movable property depends on annexation and purpose; recovery sale remained valid.

                            Classification of a chattel attached to land depends on the facts, including the nature, mode and extent of annexation and the object of attachment. Under Section 3 of the Transfer of Property Act, a thing is immovable only if it is rooted in, imbedded in, or attached to what is so imbedded for the permanent beneficial enjoyment of the property. A machine fixed to the earth merely to enable its use, while remaining detachable when not in use, does not become part of the land. On that reasoning, the engine and pump-set were movable property, and the recovery sale was not invalid for failure to follow the procedure applicable to immovable property.




                            Issues: Whether the oil engine and pump-set, fixed to the land for working purposes, were immovable property so as to require the procedure applicable to immovable property in the recovery sale.

                            Analysis: The classification of a chattel attached to the earth depends on the facts of each case and on the nature, mode and extent of annexation together with the object of annexation. Under Section 3 of the Transfer of Property Act, 1882, a thing is attached to the earth if it is rooted in the earth, imbedded in the earth, or attached to what is so imbedded for the permanent beneficial enjoyment of that immovable property. A machine that is fixed to the earth only because it must be so fixed in order to be used, and which remains detachable when not in use, does not thereby become part of the land. The engine in question was fixed only for its own working and beneficial enjoyment, not with the intention of making it a permanent part of the soil. The reasoning was consistent with the approach adopted in decisions treating relative permanence and the purpose of attachment as decisive.

                            Conclusion: The engine and pump-set were movable property and not immovable property; the recovery sale was not invalid on the ground that the procedure for immovable property had not been followed.


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