Court quashes tax judgments, orders, directs case closure, refunds excess tax, and sets aside previous orders.

The court quashed the judgments and orders passed by the Commissioner of Income-tax and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal. It directed that the case should not be reopened and should be left as decided by the Assessing Officer. The court ordered the refund of any excess tax paid and set aside the orders for the relevant years.

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Issues Involved:
1. Inclusion of dearness allowance in "salary" for tax purposes.
2. Validity of the Commissioner of Income-tax's invocation of jurisdiction u/s 263 of the Income-tax Act.
3. Binding nature of circulars issued by the Income-tax Department.
4. Reopening of assessments u/s 143(2)(b) and 147 of the Income-tax Act.

Summary:

1. Inclusion of Dearness Allowance in "Salary":
The Assessing Officer initially held that "salary" did not include dearness allowance or dearness pay unless it entered into the computation of superannuation for retirement benefits. This was challenged by the Commissioner of Income-tax, who included dearness allowance in "salary" and revised the taxable income for the years 1982-83, 1983-84, and 1984-85.

2. Validity of the Commissioner of Income-tax's Invocation of Jurisdiction u/s 263:
The Commissioner invoked jurisdiction u/s 263, arguing that the Assessing Officer's order was erroneous and prejudicial to the interests of the Revenue. However, the court found that the Commissioner did not follow the departmental circulars, which stated that summary assessments should not be reopened for minor revenue losses. The court held that the Commissioner's action was unjustified and lacked jurisdiction, as the circulars were binding on the tax authorities.

3. Binding Nature of Circulars Issued by the Income-tax Department:
The court emphasized that circulars issued by the Income-tax Department are binding on the tax authorities, including the Commissioner of Income-tax. The circulars indicated that summary assessments should not be reopened unless they involved significant revenue loss. The court cited several judgments, including CIT v. Prakashwati and Puranmall Narayan Prasad Kedia (HUF) v. Asst. CIT, to support this view.

4. Reopening of Assessments u/s 143(2)(b) and 147:
The court noted that the Commissioner of Income-tax treated the case under the purview of section 143(2)(b) and section 147, which allows reopening of cases within a specific time frame. However, the court held that reopening was not justified in this case, as the amendment to the definition of "salary" came into force in 1989, while the assessment years in question were 1983-84 and 1984-85. The court stressed that reopening should be reserved for cases involving significant tax evasion, not minor discrepancies.

Conclusion:
The court quashed the judgments and orders passed by the Commissioner of Income-tax and the Income-tax Appellate Tribunal. It directed that the case of the petitioner, Nazir Singh, should not be reopened and should be left at rest as decided by the Assessing Officer. The court also ordered the refund of any excess tax paid by the petitioner and set aside the orders for the years 1983-84 and 1984-85.

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