TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
A Hazardous Manufacturing Process refers to any industrial or production activity that involves materials, reactions, or operations that pose significant risks to human health, safety, or the environment. These hazards can arise from toxic substances, flammable or explosive materials, high-pressure or high-temperature processes, or chemical reactions that can become unstable if not carefully controlled.
Definition
A hazardous manufacturing process is one in which there is a potential for:
- Fire or explosion,
- Release of toxic or corrosive substances,
- Generation of harmful physical or chemical conditions (e.g., heat, pressure, radiation),
- Environmental contamination.
Examples of Hazardous Manufacturing Processes
- Chemical Manufacturing
- Production of acids, alkalis, solvents, or fertilizers.
- Example: Chlorine gas or ammonia production.
- Petroleum Refining
- Involves distillation and cracking at high temperatures and pressures.
- Pharmaceutical Manufacturing
- Use of hazardous reagents, solvents, and biological agents.
- Metal Processing
- Electroplating, smelting, or welding that releases toxic fumes or heavy metals.
- Explosives and Fireworks Manufacturing
- Involves highly combustible and shock-sensitive materials.
- Plastic and Polymer Production
- Use of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and high-temperature reactions.
Typical Hazards Involved
Type of Hazard | Example | Possible Consequences |
Chemical | Toxic gas release, corrosive acids | Poisoning, burns, pollution |
Physical | High pressure, temperature | Explosion, fire, injury |
Biological | Pathogenic microorganisms | Infection, contamination |
Mechanical | Moving machinery | Cuts, crushing injuries |
Electrical | Short circuits, sparks | Fire, electrocution |
Control and Safety Measures
- Engineering Controls
- Proper ventilation and containment.
- Use of explosion-proof equipment.
- Administrative Controls
- Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs).
- Training and supervision.
- Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
- Gloves, goggles, respirators, protective clothing.
- Monitoring and Detection
- Gas leak detectors, alarms, and safety interlocks.
- Emergency Preparedness
- Fire suppression systems, evacuation plans, and first-aid facilities.
Regulatory Framework
Many countries regulate hazardous manufacturing under occupational safety and environmental laws, such as:
- OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) – USA
- EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) – USA
- Factories Act, 1948 (India) – Lists Hazardous Processes under Section 2(cb) and Schedule XI
- EU REACH Regulation – Europe (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals)
***