Exchange of information: tax authorities may share confidential taxpayer information under strict secrecy and limited-use conditions. The Convention requires the exchange of information necessary for administering the Convention and domestic tax laws for covered taxes, obliges recipient States to treat such information as secret and limit disclosure to persons or authorities concerned with assessment, collection, enforcement, prosecution or appeals, and exempts a State from providing information that would conflict with its or the other State's laws or practices, is unobtainable in normal administration, or would disclose protected business secrets or information contrary to public policy.