Electronic Liability Register records GST return and demand liabilities, determining closing balance, refunds and appeal adjustments. Electronic Liability Register (Form GST PMT-01) requires two-part digital ledgers: Part I for return-related liabilities where positive closing balance invalidates the return, and Part II for other demand-related liabilities recorded by Demand ID with stay status, appeal-driven reductions/enhancements, potential negative balances per demand, refund and pre-deposit adjustment rules, and mandatory ledger entries for payments and automatic penalty reductions.