Exchange of information allows cross-border tax data sharing while maintaining confidentiality and limiting use to tax administration purposes. Exchange of information requires competent authorities to share foreseeably relevant information, including documents, for administering or enforcing domestic tax laws and the Convention. Received information must be kept secret and disclosed only to persons or authorities concerned with assessment, collection, enforcement, prosecution, appeals or oversight, and used solely for those purposes unless both States permit other uses and the supplying authority authorises them. States need not adopt measures contrary to domestic law, provide unobtainable information, or disclose trade or professional secrets or information contrary to public policy, but cannot refuse solely because information is held by banks or fiduciaries.