Tax residency tie breaker rules determine single state residency using permanent home, centre of vital interests, habitual abode, nationality.

Residency for treaty purposes is defined by liability to tax through domicile, residence, place of management or similar criteria; persons taxed only on source income are excluded. Dual residency individuals are resolved by a sequence: permanent home, centre of vital interests, habitual abode, nationality, and failing those, mutual agreement by competent authorities. Dual resident entities are treated as resident where their place of effective management is situated, with unresolved cases referred to competent authorities for mutual agreement.

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