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    Bad debt deductions: new limits and conditions for financial institutions, distinguishing rural-advance treatment and recovery rules.
    Clause 31 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 creates a structured regime for deductions for provisions for bad and doubtful debts and for bad debts written off, prescribing percentage-based deduction limits for specified financial institutions with an additional allowance for rural-branch advances; it requires that write-offs be reflected in income computations, provides for partial recovery treatment, and distinguishes provisions from actual bad debts while aligning deductions with accounting and disclosure standards.
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    Employee welfare deductions clarified: new limits, timing and eligibility for employer contributions under Clause 29.
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    Employee welfare deductions clarified: permitted employer contributions to approved funds subject to prescribed limits and arm's-length scrutiny.
    Deductions for employer contributions to specified employee welfare vehicles are permitted only when made to recognised or approved funds and in accordance with prescribed limits, timing and conditions; provision-only gratuity reserves are generally non-deductible unless conditions are met, and contributions to other funds or trusts are disallowed except as expressly allowed or required by law.
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    Site restoration fund deductions limited and conditional; misuse of withdrawals treated as taxable income under new regime.
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    Amortization of preliminary expenses enables staged tax relief for businesses under the new income tax provision.
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    Amortisation of expenditure: Tax treatment extended to telecommunications, amalgamation, demerger and voluntary retirement schemes clarified.
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    Depreciation rules modernized to clarify asset categories and additional allowances, affecting business tax deductions and compliance.
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    Deductions from house property: Bill streamlines deduction rules and documentation requirements for interest and construction periods.
    Clause 22 restructures deductions from house property by preserving the standard deduction and interest allowance while imposing a capped interest deduction, clearer rules for prior period interest, and explicit documentation obligations including detailed interest certificates and treatment of refinancing. It extends the construction completion period for deduction eligibility and revises the linkage and references for foreign interest restrictions, aiming to standardise limits, conditions, and verification procedures.
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    Taxation of arrears of rent: clause mainstreams treatment, taxes on receipt, and preserves standard deduction.
    Proposed Clause 23 treats arrears of rent and unrealised rent as income from house property taxed in the year of receipt or realisation, preserves applicability despite change of ownership and the 30% standard deduction, and reorganises provisions into distinct subsections for chargeability, inclusion in total income, and deductions while substituting "tax year" for "financial year" and simplifying language to reduce interpretive ambiguity.
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    Annual value determination simplified: bill streamlines rent-based criteria, expands deductions and vacancy rules to ease compliance.
    Determination of the annual value is streamlined to a two criterion test-expected rent and actual rent-while vacancy is addressed in a separate subsection, local authority taxes and specified service taxes are consolidated as deductible items, stock in trade nil value relief is extended, and self occupied property rules retain a two house concession with clearer conditions.
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    Income from house property: streamlined charging provision and separate business-use exception clarifies taxation and compliance.
    The provision defines the annual value of buildings and appurtenant land owned by the assessee as the charging concept, with the exclusion for portions occupied for business or professional purposes moved into a separate sub section, preserving the substantive tax effect while improving statutory structure and clarity.

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      AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017 and IGST Act, 2017

      1 February, 2023

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      Union Budget 2023-24 + FINANCE Bill, 2023

      GOODS AND SERVICES TAX

      Note: (a) CGST Act means Central Goods And Services Tax Act, 2017

      (b) IGST Act means Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      (c) Amendments carried out through the Finance Bill, 2023 come into effect on the date of its enactment, unless otherwise specified.

      Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2023 except those in clause 142 will come into effect from the date when the same will be notified concurrently, as far as possible, with the corresponding amendments to the similar Acts passed by the States & Union territories with legislature. Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2023, vide clause 142 will come into effect retrospectively from 1st July, 2017.

      I. AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017 :

      S. No.

      Amendment

      Clause of the Finance Bill, 2023

      1.

      Clause (d) of sub-section (2) and Clause (c) of sub-section (2A) in section 10 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove the restriction imposed on registered persons engaged in supplying goods through electronic commerce operators from opting to pay tax under the Composition Levy.

      [128]

      2.

      Second and third provisos to sub-section (2) of section 16 of the CGST Act are being amended to align the said sub-section with the return filing system provided in the said Act.

      [129]

      3.

      Explanation to sub-section (3) of section 17 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to restrict availment of input tax credit in respect of certain transactions specified in para 8(a) of Schedule III of the said Act, as may be prescribed, by including the value of such transactions in the value of exempt supply. Further, sub-section (5) of said section is also being amended so as to provide that input tax credit shall not be available in respect of goods or services or both received by a taxable person, which are used or intended to be used for activities relating to his obligations under corporate social responsibility referred to in section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013.

      [130]

      4.

      Sub-section (1) and sub-section (2) of section 23 of the CGST Act are being amended, with retrospective effect from 01st July, 2017, so as to provide that persons for compulsory registration in terms of sub section (1) of section and section 22 of the Act need not register if exempt under sub section (1) of section 23.

      [131]

      5.

      A new sub-section (5) in section 37 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the details of outward supplies under sub-section (1) of the said section for a tax period can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

      [132]

      6.

      A new sub-section (11) in section 39 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the return for a tax period can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

      [133]

      7.

      A new sub-section (2) in section 44 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the annual return under sub-section (1) of the said section for a financial year can be furnished by a registered person. Further, it also seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for a registered person or a class of registered persons.

      [134]

      8.

      A new sub-section (15) in section 52 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide a time limit upto which the statement under sub-section (4) of the said section for a month can be furnished by an electronic commerce operator. Further, it seeks to provide an enabling provision for extension of the said time limit, subject to certain conditions and restrictions, for an electronic commerce operator or a class of electronic commerce operators.

      [135]

      9.

      Sub-section (6) of section 54 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove the reference to the provisionally accepted input tax credit to align the same with the present scheme of availment of self- assessed input tax credit as per sub-section (1) of section 41 of the said Act.

      [136]

      10.

      Section 56 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an enabling provision to prescribe manner of computation of period of delay for calculation of interest on delayed refunds.

      [137]

      11.

      A new sub-section (1B) in section 122 of the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide for penal provisions applicable to Electronic Commerce Operators in case of contravention of provisions relating to supplies of goods made through them by unregistered persons or composition taxpayers.

      [138]

      12.

      Sub-section (1) of section 132 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to decriminalize offences specified in clause (g), (j) and (k) of the said sub-section and to increase the monetary threshold for launching prosecution for the offences under the said Act from one hundred lakh rupees to two hundred lakh rupees, except for the offences related to issuance of invoices without supply of goods or services or both.

      [139]

      13.

      First proviso to sub-section (1) of section 138 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to simplify the language of clause (a), to omit clause (b) and to substitute the clause (c) of said proviso so as to exclude the persons involved in offences relating to issuance of invoices without supply of goods or services or both from the option of compounding of the offences under the said Act. It further seeks to amend sub-section (2) so as to rationalize the amount for compounding of various offences by reducing the minimum as well as maximum amount for compounding.

      [140]

      14.

      A new section 158A in the CGST Act is being inserted so as to provide for prescribing manner and conditions for sharing of the information furnished by the registered person in his return or in his application of registration or in his statement of outward supplies, or the details uploaded by him for generation of electronic invoice or E- way bill or any other details, as may be prescribed, on the common portal with such other systems, as may be notified.

      [141]

      15.

      Schedule III of the CGST Act is being amended to give retrospective applicability to Para 7, 8 (a) and 8 (b) of the said Schedule, with effect from 01st July, 2017, so as to treat the activities/ transactions mentioned in the said paragraphs as neither supply of goods nor supply of services. It is also being clarified that where the tax has already been paid in respect of such transactions/ activities during the period from 01st July, 2017 to 31st January, 2019, no refund of such tax paid shall be available.

      [142]

      II. AMENDMENTS IN THE IGST ACT, 2017:

      S. No.

      Amendment

      Clause of the Finance Bill, 2023

      1.

      Clause (16) of section 2 of the IGST Act is being amended so as to revise the definition of “non-taxable online recipient” by removing the condition of receipt of online information and database access or retrieval services (OIDAR) for purposes other than commerce, industry or any other business or profession so as to provide for taxability of OIDAR service provided by any person located in non- taxable territory to an unregistered person receiving the said services and located in the taxable territory. Further, it also seeks to clarify that the persons registered solely in terms of clause (vi) of Section 24 of CGST Act shall be treated as unregistered person for the purpose of the said clause. Also, clause (17) of the said section is being amended to revise the definition of “online information and database access or retrieval services” to remove the condition of rendering of the said supply being essentially automated and involving minimal human intervention.

      [143]

      2.

      Proviso to sub-section (8) of section 12 of the IGST Act is being omitted so as to specify the place of supply, irrespective of destination of the goods, in cases where the supplier of services and recipient of services are located in India.

      [144]

       

       


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      Union Budget 2023-24 + FINANCE Bill, 2023

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