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    Zero-rated supplies entitlement: IGST refund cannot be denied solely because exporter claimed higher drawback; statutory rules prevail.
    The statutory refund regime treats the shipping bill as a deemed application for IGST refund on exports and allows withholding of refund only in the specific, enumerated circumstances provided by the rules. Administrative circulars cannot override the statute; availing a higher duty drawback or technical limitations in departmental systems do not, without falling within the prescribed withholding contingencies, defeat an exporter's entitlement to IGST refund for zero-rated supplies.
    Case LawsGST
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    Input Tax Credit time limit: GSTR 3B is a temporary stopgap and does not fix the statutory monthly return deadline.
    The Court held that GSTR 3B was implemented as a temporary stopgap and was not intended to replace the statutory monthly return; an administrative press release treating GSTR 3B filing as the outer date to avail Input Tax Credit conflicted with the statutory time limit provision and the rules prescribing the monthly return form and manner.
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    Rates for deduction of income-tax at source from salaries set and applied to advance tax and special-case assessments.
    Part III of the First Schedule prescribes rates for deduction of income-tax at source from salaries and for computation of advance tax for the financial year 2019-20; those rates also apply to charging income-tax on current incomes in special assessment cases such as provisional assessment of non-resident shipping profits, assessments of persons leaving India, persons likely to transfer property to avoid tax, and short-duration bodies.
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    Income-tax rates and surcharge rules set slab-based taxation with a graduated surcharge and limits on surcharge impact.
    Slab-based income tax rates are prescribed for individuals, HUFs, AOPs, BOIs and artificial juridical persons with separate resident senior citizen slabs; computed tax is subject to a graduated surcharge for higher incomes, accompanied by a cap mechanism preventing the total tax-plus-surcharge on an income from exceeding the tax at the relevant bracket threshold by more than the excess income above that threshold.
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    Tax rates for co-operative societies remain unchanged; a surcharge with a cap applies to high income societies.
    Rates of income-tax for co-operative societies remain as specified in Paragraph B of Part III of the First Schedule to the Finance Bill, unchanged from the prior year. A surcharge applies to the income-tax of societies exceeding a high-income threshold, subject to a cap that prevents total tax and surcharge from exceeding the tax at the threshold by more than the excess income.
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    Firm tax rate unchanged; surcharge applies to high income firms with a statutory cap limiting surcharge on excess income.
    Rate of tax for firms for TDS and advance tax remains unchanged from the prior year; a surcharge of twelve per cent is levied where a firm's total income exceeds one crore rupees, subject to a cap that limits the aggregate income tax and surcharge on income above the threshold to not exceed the tax on the threshold amount by more than the excess income.
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    Surcharge on local authority income applies above a threshold, with a statutory cap limiting aggregate tax increase.
    The income-tax rate for local authorities is maintained at the prior year's level for purposes of TDS and advance tax; a statutory surcharge is levied where total income exceeds a prescribed threshold. A statutory cap limits the combined income-tax and surcharge so that the aggregate tax on income above the threshold does not exceed the income-tax payable as if income equalled the threshold by more than the excess income.
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    Corporate tax rate revised, varying by domestic status; surcharge and health and education cess apply.
    Income tax rates for companies distinguish domestic and other companies, with domestic companies below a specified turnover threshold subject to a lower rate and others taxed at a higher rate. Surcharge is levied in graded bands for domestic and non domestic companies, with marginal relief caps limiting excess tax attributable to incomes above prescribed thresholds. Certain specified company cases attract a prescribed surcharge rate. A Health and Education Cess is levied on tax including surcharge, and marginal relief is not available in respect of that cess.
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    TDS on individual and HUF payments to contractors and professionals: new withholding applies above threshold; PAN may be used instead of TAN.
    Section 194M imposes withholding on payments by individuals and Hindu undivided families to resident contractors and professionals where the aggregate annual payments exceed the statutory threshold; tax is to be deducted at the prescribed withholding rate and may be deposited using the payer's Permanent Account Number, relieving such payers from the requirement to obtain a Tax Deduction Account Number.
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    TDS on transfer of immovable property now covers ancillary charges, expanding 'consideration' to include fees incidental to sale.
    The Explanation to Section 194-IA is amended to state that consideration for immovable property includes ancillary charges payable by the buyer-such as club membership, car parking, electricity and water facility fees, maintenance fees, advance fees and other similar incidental charges-thereby making these amounts part of the taxable base for TDS on transfer of immovable property other than agricultural land.
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    Deemed accrual of gifts: transfers by Indian residents to nonresidents treated as taxable in India under new provision.
    Gifts of money or property made by a person resident in India to a person outside India, where the property is situated in India or sums are paid, are deemed to accrue or arise in India for tax purposes when made on or after 5 July 2019; existing statutory gift exemptions continue to apply and applicable DTAA provisions remain operative. The amendment takes effect from 1 April 2020 and applies to assessment year 2020-21 onward.
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    Mandatory return filing for high-value transactions expands to include transaction and rollover-based filing triggers.
    Amendments mandate filing of income tax returns by individuals who, during the previous year, undertake specified high-value transactions-including large current account deposits, significant foreign travel expenditure, or substantial electricity consumption-or meet other prescribed conditions; and require persons claiming capital gains rollover exemptions on reinvestment in specified assets to file returns when their pre-rollover total income exceeded the basic exemption limit, even if post-claim income is below that limit.
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    Inter-changeability of PAN and Aadhaar: Aadhaar may be quoted in lieu of PAN and recipients must ensure authentication.
    Proposed amendments allow a person required to quote PAN to furnish an Aadhaar number in lieu of PAN and provide that persons entering certain prescribed transactions who lack a PAN must apply for one; recipients of documents must ensure PAN or Aadhaar is duly quoted and authenticated, and a penalty provision is amended to enforce compliance.
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    PAN-Aadhaar linkage: failure to intimate Aadhaar renders PAN inoperative while preserving prior transactions under proposed amendment.
    Failure to intimate Aadhaar will result in the PAN being made inoperative in the prescribed manner rather than being deemed invalid, with an express provision preserving the validity of transactions previously carried out through that PAN; the amendment is prospective and will take effect from the notified effective date.
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    Statement of Financial Transactions reporting: expanded mandatory reporting, threshold removed and penalties broadened to enhance tax pre-filling.
    Mandatory reporting under the Statement of Financial Transactions is widened to require additional prescribed persons to furnish SFTs, the existing aggregate transaction threshold for reporting is removed to include small-value transactions, defects unrectified within the prescribed time will be treated as furnishing inaccurate information, and penalty provisions are expanded to cover all reporting entities; these amendments take effect from 1st September, 2019.
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    Electronic payment requirement extended to include prescribed electronic modes, altering payment compliance and tax treatment from specified effective dates.
    Amendments add "other electronic mode as may be prescribed" to the list of acceptable non cash payment modes across multiple income tax provisions, so payments or receipts through prescribed electronic instruments will satisfy statutory conditions for donation exemption, capital expenditure recognition, disallowance avoidance, actual cost determination, stamp duty linked valuation, presumptive taxation eligibility, and employment related deductions. The changes apply from specified effective dates: most tax treatment provisions from 1 April 2020 and the prohibitions on specified cash receipts/repayments from 1 September 2019.
    NewsBills
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    TDS on cash withdrawals to apply when annual cash withdrawals exceed a threshold, with specified institutional exemptions.
    Section 194N creates a TDS obligation on cash payments from a recipient's account by banks, cooperative banks and post offices when annual aggregate cash withdrawals exceed a prescribed threshold, targeting reduction of cash transactions; specified institutional recipients are exempted, and the Central Government may notify further exemptions in consultation with the Reserve Bank of India, with a statutory commencement provision.
    NewsBills
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    Mandatory electronic payment acceptance requires businesses above a turnover threshold to provide prescribed digital payment facilities, with daily penalties.
    A new provision requires persons carrying on business whose total sales, turnover or gross receipts in the immediately preceding previous year exceed a specified turnover threshold to provide facilities for accepting payments through the prescribed electronic modes. Failure to provide such prescribed electronic payment facilities attracts a daily monetary penalty, subject to proof of good and sufficient reasons, with penalty imposition by the Joint Commissioner. A consequential amendment prohibits banks and system providers from imposing any charge for using the prescribed electronic payment modes.
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    IFSC tax incentives expand tax-neutral transfers and exemptions to promote external borrowing and extended profit-linked deductions.
    Proposed IFSC tax measures include treating transfers of specified securities by Category III AIFs with all non-resident unit-holders as not constituting transfer, empowering notification of additional securities, exempting interest payable to non-residents on borrowings by IFSC units, extending tax neutrality to dividends paid out of accumulated IFSC income, exempting distributions by mutual funds in IFSC with all non-resident unit-holders from additional tax, ensuring full access to profit-linked deductions for IFSC units by removing restrictive computation conditions, and increasing the one-hundred-per-cent deduction to any ten consecutive assessment years within a fifteen-year window.
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    Interest recognition rule extended to regulated NBFCs, with deductions allowed only when interest is actually paid by return-filing deadline.
    The accrual-exception that taxes interest on bad or doubtful debts when credited or received is extended to include deposit-taking NBFCs and systemically important non-deposit-taking NBFCs; correspondingly, interest deductions for payments to these NBFCs are allowable only if actually paid on or before the due date for filing the return of income, aligning their tax treatment with other regulated financial institutions.

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      AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017

      2 February, 2022

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      Goods and Service Tax

      Note: (a) CGST Act means Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      (b) IGST Act means Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      (c) UTGST Act means Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2022, vide clause 99 to 113 will come into effect from a date to be notified, as far as possible, concurrently with the corresponding amendments to the similar Acts passed by the States & Union territories with legislature. Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2022, vide clause 114 to 123 will come into effect on the date of its enactment.

      I. AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017:

      S.No.

      Amendment

      Clause of the Finance Bill, 2022

      1.

      A new clause (ba) to sub-section (2) of section 16 of the CGST Act is being inserted to provide that input tax credit with respect to a supply can be availed only if such credit has not been restricted in the details communicated to the taxpayer under section 38.

      Further, sub-section (4) of section 16 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time for availment of input tax credit by a registered person in respect of any invoice or debit note pertaining to a financial year upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year.

      [99]

      2.

      Clause (b) and (c) of sub-section (2) of section 29 of the CGST Act are being amended so as to provide that the registration of a person is liable for cancellation, where -

      (i) a person paying tax under section 10 has not furnished the return for a financial year beyond three months from the due date of furnishing of the said return;

      (ii) a person, other than those paying tax under section 10, has not furnished returns for such continuous tax period as may be prescribed.

      [100]

      3.

      Sub-section (2) of section 34 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time for issuance of credit notes in respect of any supply made in a financial year upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year.

      [101]

      4.

      Section 37 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide for prescribing conditions and restrictions for furnishing the details of outward supply and for communication of the details of such outward supplies to concerned recipients;

      (ii) do away with two-way communication process in return filing;

      (iii) provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year for rectification of errors in respect of details of outward supplies furnished under sub-section (1);

      (iv) provide for tax period-wise sequential filing of details of outward supplies under sub-section (1).

       

      [102]

      5.

      Section 38 of the CGST Act is being substituted for prescribing the manner as well as conditions and restrictions for communication of details of inward supplies and input tax credit to the recipient by means of an auto-generated statement and to do away with two-way communication process in return filing.

      [103]

      6.

      Section 39 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide that the non-resident taxable person shall furnish the return for a month by thirteenth day of the following month;

      (ii) provide an option to the persons furnishing return under proviso to sub-section (1), to pay either the self-assessed tax or an amount that may be prescribed;

      (iii) provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year, for rectification of errors in the return furnished under section 39;

      (iv) provide for furnishing of details of outward supplies of a tax period under sub-section (1) of section 37 as a condition for furnishing the return under section 39 for the said tax period.

      [104]

      7.

       Section 41 of the CGST Act is being substituted so as to do away with the concept of “claim” of eligible input tax credit on a “provisional” basis and to provide for availment of selfassessed input tax credit subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed.

      [105]

      8.

      Sections 42, 43 and 43A of the CGST Act are being omitted so as to do away with two-way communication process in return filing.

      [106]

      9.

      Section 47 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for levy of late fee for delayed filing of return under section 52. Further, reference to section 38 is being removed consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act.

      [107]

      10.

       Consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act, sub-section (2) of section 48 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove reference to section 38 therefrom.

      [108]

      11.

      Section 49 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide for prescribing restrictions for utilizing the amount available in the electronic credit ledger;

      (ii) allow transfer of amount available in electronic cash ledger under the CGST Act of a registered person to the electronic cash ledger under the said Act or the IGST Act of a distinct person;

      (iii) provide for prescribing the maximum proportion of output tax liability which may be discharged through the electronic credit ledger.

      [109]

      12.

      Sub-section (3) of section 50 of the CGST Act is being substituted retrospectively, with effect from the 1st July, 2017, so as to provide for levy of interest on input tax credit wrongly availed and utilized.

      [110]

      13.

      Sub-section (6) of section 52 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year for rectification of errors in the statement furnished under subsection (4).

      [111]

      14.

      Section 54 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) explicitly provide that refund claim of any balance in the electronic cash ledger shall be made in such form and manner as may be prescribed;

      (ii) provide the time limit for claiming refund of tax paid on inward supplies of goods or services or both under section 55 as two years from the last day of the quarter in which the said supply was received;

      (iii) extend the scope of withholding of or recovery from refunds in respect of all types of refund;

      (iv) provide clarity regarding the relevant date for filing refund claim in respect of supplies made to a Special Economic Zone developer or a Special Economic Zone unit by way of insertion of a new sub-clause (ba) in clause (2) of Explanation thereto.

      [112]

      15.

      Consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act, sub-section (2) of section 168 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove reference to section 38 therefrom.

      [113]

      16.

      Notification No. 9/2018 – Central Tax, dated the 23rd January, 2018, is being amended so as to notify www.gst.gov.in, retrospectively, with effect from 22nd June, 2017, as the Common Goods and Services Tax Electronic Portal, for all functions provided under Central Goods and Services Tax  Rules, 2017, other than those provided for e-way bill and for generation of invoices under sub-rule (4) of rule 48 of the CGST Rules.

      [114]

      17.

      Notification No. 13/2017 – Central Tax, dated the 28th June, 2017, is being amended retrospectively, with effect from the 1st day of July, 2017, so as to notify rate of interest under subsection (3) of section 50 of the CGST Act as 18%.

      [115]

       

       


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      Budget 2022-23 + FINANCE Bill, 2022

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