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    Transitional provisions for ICDS X ensure recognition of provisions and contingent items to prevent double taxation or omission.
    Transitional recognition under ICDS X requires that provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets and related income be recognised for previous years commencing on or after 1 April 2016 in accordance with this standard, after taking into account any amount recognised for the same items for previous years ending on or before 31 March 2016; the rule aims to prevent double taxation or omission of income.
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    Supremacy of tax law: reversal of an ICDS-recognised asset must follow tax deduction rules, permitting write-off as bad debt.
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    Set-off of provisions: expenditures may be set off only against the original provision, not provisions for different purposes.
    Under ICDS X, expenditures must be set off only against the original provision for which they were recognised; expenditures cannot be offset against provisions recognised for a different event or purpose, as that would conceal the separate financial effects of distinct events and undermine transparent disclosure of provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets.
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    Employee post retirement benefit provisioning excluded from ICDS X, governed by specific statutory provisions for income computation.
    Provisioning for employee post retirement benefits covered by AS 15 shall continue to be governed by specific provisions of the Act and are not dealt with by ICDS X; ICDS X does not apply to liabilities otherwise falling within AS 15.
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    Borrowing costs capitalization requires capitalizing interest for qualifying assets; inventory only when production is prolonged.
    Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition, construction or production of tangible and intangible assets must be capitalized as part of the asset cost. Inventory borrowing costs are capitalized only when the inventory requires an extended period to become saleable. Specific borrowings for a qualifying asset require capitalization of actual borrowing costs incurred during the qualifying period. For general borrowings, a formulaic allocation apportions borrowing costs to qualifying assets based on the ratio of qualifying assets to total assets.
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    Inventory preparation processes define activities included in inventory cost when making goods fit and saleable under accounting standards.
    Activities necessary to prepare inventory for its intended sale include all processes required to make inventory functional for its intended use and to render it saleable, notably quality control to verify fitness for use and primary packing where goods are normally sold in packed condition.
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    Borrowing cost capitalization must exclude portions disallowed by specific statutory provisions, only allowable amounts may be capitalised.
    Borrowing costs capitalised under ICDS IX must exclude amounts disallowed by specific provisions of the Act; only the portion of borrowing cost that remains allowable under the Act may be capitalised, because specific statutory disallowances override ICDS treatment.
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    Capitalization of borrowing costs: general borrowing must be allocated to qualifying assets and capitalized on an asset-by-asset basis.
    General borrowing costs computed under the ICDS-IX formula must be apportioned among qualifying assets and capitalized on an asset-by-asset basis, so that each qualifying asset's capitalized borrowing cost reflects its proportionate share of general borrowing under the standard.
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    Exchange differences excluded from borrowing costs under ICDS IX; foreign exchange effects governed by ICDS VI.
    Exchange differences from foreign currency borrowings that are treated as adjustments to interest are excluded from borrowing costs under ICDS IX; the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates, including those relating to interest, are governed by ICDS VI.
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    Borrowing cost: bill discounting and similar charges treated as borrowing cost, except when not tied to borrowed funds.
    The definition of borrowing cost is inclusive and generally covers bill discounting charges and similar charges as borrowing cost for income computation and disclosure; however, discounting charges that do not arise from borrowing funds are excluded from that definition.
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    Borrowing costs include interest and related charges such as commitment charges, amortised discount and finance lease charges.
    Borrowing costs under ICDS IX comprise interest and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing funds, including commitment charges, amortised discount or premium, amortised ancillary costs in arranging borrowings, and finance charges for assets taken on finance lease.
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    Valuation of securities as stock-in-trade: mandatorily at lower of actual cost and net realizable value.
    Securities held as stock-in-trade must be valued at the lower of actual cost initially recognized and net realizable value at year-end. Unlisted or unquoted securities held as stock-in-trade are to be measured at actual cost as initially recognized, under the income computation and disclosure standards framework.
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    Valuation of securities: aggregate category wise cost compared with net realisable value, lower amount taken as carrying value.
    For subsequent measurement under ICDS VIII, securities held as stock in trade are aggregated category wise; for each category the aggregate cost and aggregate net realisable value are compared, and the lower of the two is taken as the carrying value.
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    Derivatives accounting: ICDS VI governs typical derivatives, ICDS I applies residually, capital-asset derivatives are excluded.
    ICDS VI supplies guidance for derivative contracts such as forward contracts; derivatives outside ICDS VI's scope fall under ICDS I. Derivative instruments that qualify as capital assets are excluded from ICDS and thus not governed by those standards.
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    Recognition of government grants: pre-existing grants deemed recognised on receipt while later grants follow ICDS recognition criteria.
    Grants actually received before the ICDS effective date are deemed recognised on receipt under Para 4(2) of ICDS VII and remain governed by pre-ICDS law; grants received on or after the effective date must be recognised only when the ICDS VII recognition criteria in Paras 5-9 are satisfied, with recognition then following ICDS VII.
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    Government grant for immediate financial support must be recognised when receivable, irrespective of actual receipt.
    Government grants given as immediate financial support and not tied to specific expenditure must be recognised when the grantee is entitled and sums become receivable; actual receipt is immaterial. If the grant is confined to an individual enterprise and grant-related conditions are met, recognition occurs in the period of receivability, governing timing of income inclusion and disclosure under the income computation framework.
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    Government grants treatment: grants not directly relatable to nondepreciable assets treated as taxable income rather than reduction in asset cost.
    Grants not directly relatable to nondepreciable assets are to be recognised as taxable income under the Act rather than deducted from asset cost; the ICDS preamble confirms the Act prevails over ICDS, and paragraph 7 of ICDS VII applies solely to depreciable assets where reduction of asset cost is appropriate.
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    Recognition of government grants: generally recognized as income on receipt unless reasonable certainty permits spreading with related costs.
    Grants for assets outside the block of depreciable assets are to be recognized as income; statutory tax provisions control and preclude spreading recognition beyond the year of receipt, except where there is reasonable certainty of receipt permitting deferral and matching with costs incurred for obligations related to the non-depreciable assets.
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    Recognition of government grants: must occur on receipt; potential reversals are applied against unamortized deferred credit balances.
    ICDS VII requires government grants to be recognised on the date of receipt and prohibits deferral beyond receipt; where grants become refundable because attached conditions are unmet, reversal of initial recognition must first be applied to the unamortized deferred credit arising from the grant, so income recognition must reflect both receipt and the certainty of meeting conditions.
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    Recognition of government grants requires reasonable certainty of compliance and receipt; disclose in income computation accordingly.
    Under ICDS VII, government grants are to be recognized when there is reasonable certainty that the related conditions will be complied with and that the grants will be received; such grants should not be postponed beyond the actual receipt date for income computation and disclosure purposes.

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      AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017

      2 February, 2022

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      Goods and Service Tax

      Note: (a) CGST Act means Central Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      (b) IGST Act means Integrated Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      (c) UTGST Act means Union Territory Goods and Services Tax Act, 2017

      Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2022, vide clause 99 to 113 will come into effect from a date to be notified, as far as possible, concurrently with the corresponding amendments to the similar Acts passed by the States & Union territories with legislature. Amendments carried out in the Finance Bill, 2022, vide clause 114 to 123 will come into effect on the date of its enactment.

      I. AMENDMENTS IN THE CGST ACT, 2017:

      S.No.

      Amendment

      Clause of the Finance Bill, 2022

      1.

      A new clause (ba) to sub-section (2) of section 16 of the CGST Act is being inserted to provide that input tax credit with respect to a supply can be availed only if such credit has not been restricted in the details communicated to the taxpayer under section 38.

      Further, sub-section (4) of section 16 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time for availment of input tax credit by a registered person in respect of any invoice or debit note pertaining to a financial year upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year.

      [99]

      2.

      Clause (b) and (c) of sub-section (2) of section 29 of the CGST Act are being amended so as to provide that the registration of a person is liable for cancellation, where -

      (i) a person paying tax under section 10 has not furnished the return for a financial year beyond three months from the due date of furnishing of the said return;

      (ii) a person, other than those paying tax under section 10, has not furnished returns for such continuous tax period as may be prescribed.

      [100]

      3.

      Sub-section (2) of section 34 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time for issuance of credit notes in respect of any supply made in a financial year upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year.

      [101]

      4.

      Section 37 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide for prescribing conditions and restrictions for furnishing the details of outward supply and for communication of the details of such outward supplies to concerned recipients;

      (ii) do away with two-way communication process in return filing;

      (iii) provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year for rectification of errors in respect of details of outward supplies furnished under sub-section (1);

      (iv) provide for tax period-wise sequential filing of details of outward supplies under sub-section (1).

       

      [102]

      5.

      Section 38 of the CGST Act is being substituted for prescribing the manner as well as conditions and restrictions for communication of details of inward supplies and input tax credit to the recipient by means of an auto-generated statement and to do away with two-way communication process in return filing.

      [103]

      6.

      Section 39 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide that the non-resident taxable person shall furnish the return for a month by thirteenth day of the following month;

      (ii) provide an option to the persons furnishing return under proviso to sub-section (1), to pay either the self-assessed tax or an amount that may be prescribed;

      (iii) provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year, for rectification of errors in the return furnished under section 39;

      (iv) provide for furnishing of details of outward supplies of a tax period under sub-section (1) of section 37 as a condition for furnishing the return under section 39 for the said tax period.

      [104]

      7.

       Section 41 of the CGST Act is being substituted so as to do away with the concept of “claim” of eligible input tax credit on a “provisional” basis and to provide for availment of selfassessed input tax credit subject to such conditions and restrictions as may be prescribed.

      [105]

      8.

      Sections 42, 43 and 43A of the CGST Act are being omitted so as to do away with two-way communication process in return filing.

      [106]

      9.

      Section 47 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for levy of late fee for delayed filing of return under section 52. Further, reference to section 38 is being removed consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act.

      [107]

      10.

       Consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act, sub-section (2) of section 48 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove reference to section 38 therefrom.

      [108]

      11.

      Section 49 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) provide for prescribing restrictions for utilizing the amount available in the electronic credit ledger;

      (ii) allow transfer of amount available in electronic cash ledger under the CGST Act of a registered person to the electronic cash ledger under the said Act or the IGST Act of a distinct person;

      (iii) provide for prescribing the maximum proportion of output tax liability which may be discharged through the electronic credit ledger.

      [109]

      12.

      Sub-section (3) of section 50 of the CGST Act is being substituted retrospectively, with effect from the 1st July, 2017, so as to provide for levy of interest on input tax credit wrongly availed and utilized.

      [110]

      13.

      Sub-section (6) of section 52 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to provide for an extended time upto thirtieth day of November of the following financial year for rectification of errors in the statement furnished under subsection (4).

      [111]

      14.

      Section 54 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to:

      (i) explicitly provide that refund claim of any balance in the electronic cash ledger shall be made in such form and manner as may be prescribed;

      (ii) provide the time limit for claiming refund of tax paid on inward supplies of goods or services or both under section 55 as two years from the last day of the quarter in which the said supply was received;

      (iii) extend the scope of withholding of or recovery from refunds in respect of all types of refund;

      (iv) provide clarity regarding the relevant date for filing refund claim in respect of supplies made to a Special Economic Zone developer or a Special Economic Zone unit by way of insertion of a new sub-clause (ba) in clause (2) of Explanation thereto.

      [112]

      15.

      Consequent to the amendment in section 38 of the CGST Act, sub-section (2) of section 168 of the CGST Act is being amended so as to remove reference to section 38 therefrom.

      [113]

      16.

      Notification No. 9/2018 – Central Tax, dated the 23rd January, 2018, is being amended so as to notify www.gst.gov.in, retrospectively, with effect from 22nd June, 2017, as the Common Goods and Services Tax Electronic Portal, for all functions provided under Central Goods and Services Tax  Rules, 2017, other than those provided for e-way bill and for generation of invoices under sub-rule (4) of rule 48 of the CGST Rules.

      [114]

      17.

      Notification No. 13/2017 – Central Tax, dated the 28th June, 2017, is being amended retrospectively, with effect from the 1st day of July, 2017, so as to notify rate of interest under subsection (3) of section 50 of the CGST Act as 18%.

      [115]

       

       


      Full Text:

      Budget 2022-23 + FINANCE Bill, 2022

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      ActsIncome Tax