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    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Transitional provisions for ICDS X ensure recognition of provisions and contingent items to prevent double taxation or omission.
    Transitional recognition under ICDS X requires that provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets and related income be recognised for previous years commencing on or after 1 April 2016 in accordance with this standard, after taking into account any amount recognised for the same items for previous years ending on or before 31 March 2016; the rule aims to prevent double taxation or omission of income.
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    Supremacy of tax law: reversal of an ICDS-recognised asset must follow tax deduction rules, permitting write-off as bad debt.
    Reversal of an asset and related income recognised under ICDS X must conform to the Income-tax Act where conflicts arise; the Act's tax-deduction treatment applies, allowing write-off as a bad debt rather than simply reversing the original accounting recognition entry.
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    Set-off of provisions: expenditures may be set off only against the original provision, not provisions for different purposes.
    Under ICDS X, expenditures must be set off only against the original provision for which they were recognised; expenditures cannot be offset against provisions recognised for a different event or purpose, as that would conceal the separate financial effects of distinct events and undermine transparent disclosure of provisions, contingent liabilities and contingent assets.
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    Employee post retirement benefit provisioning excluded from ICDS X, governed by specific statutory provisions for income computation.
    Provisioning for employee post retirement benefits covered by AS 15 shall continue to be governed by specific provisions of the Act and are not dealt with by ICDS X; ICDS X does not apply to liabilities otherwise falling within AS 15.
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    Borrowing costs capitalization requires capitalizing interest for qualifying assets; inventory only when production is prolonged.
    Borrowing costs directly attributable to acquisition, construction or production of tangible and intangible assets must be capitalized as part of the asset cost. Inventory borrowing costs are capitalized only when the inventory requires an extended period to become saleable. Specific borrowings for a qualifying asset require capitalization of actual borrowing costs incurred during the qualifying period. For general borrowings, a formulaic allocation apportions borrowing costs to qualifying assets based on the ratio of qualifying assets to total assets.
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    Inventory preparation processes define activities included in inventory cost when making goods fit and saleable under accounting standards.
    Activities necessary to prepare inventory for its intended sale include all processes required to make inventory functional for its intended use and to render it saleable, notably quality control to verify fitness for use and primary packing where goods are normally sold in packed condition.
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    Borrowing cost capitalization must exclude portions disallowed by specific statutory provisions, only allowable amounts may be capitalised.
    Borrowing costs capitalised under ICDS IX must exclude amounts disallowed by specific provisions of the Act; only the portion of borrowing cost that remains allowable under the Act may be capitalised, because specific statutory disallowances override ICDS treatment.
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    Capitalization of borrowing costs: general borrowing must be allocated to qualifying assets and capitalized on an asset-by-asset basis.
    General borrowing costs computed under the ICDS-IX formula must be apportioned among qualifying assets and capitalized on an asset-by-asset basis, so that each qualifying asset's capitalized borrowing cost reflects its proportionate share of general borrowing under the standard.
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    Exchange differences excluded from borrowing costs under ICDS IX; foreign exchange effects governed by ICDS VI.
    Exchange differences from foreign currency borrowings that are treated as adjustments to interest are excluded from borrowing costs under ICDS IX; the effects of changes in foreign exchange rates, including those relating to interest, are governed by ICDS VI.
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    Borrowing cost: bill discounting and similar charges treated as borrowing cost, except when not tied to borrowed funds.
    The definition of borrowing cost is inclusive and generally covers bill discounting charges and similar charges as borrowing cost for income computation and disclosure; however, discounting charges that do not arise from borrowing funds are excluded from that definition.
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    Borrowing costs include interest and related charges such as commitment charges, amortised discount and finance lease charges.
    Borrowing costs under ICDS IX comprise interest and other costs incurred in connection with borrowing funds, including commitment charges, amortised discount or premium, amortised ancillary costs in arranging borrowings, and finance charges for assets taken on finance lease.
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    Valuation of securities as stock-in-trade: mandatorily at lower of actual cost and net realizable value.
    Securities held as stock-in-trade must be valued at the lower of actual cost initially recognized and net realizable value at year-end. Unlisted or unquoted securities held as stock-in-trade are to be measured at actual cost as initially recognized, under the income computation and disclosure standards framework.
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    Valuation of securities: aggregate category wise cost compared with net realisable value, lower amount taken as carrying value.
    For subsequent measurement under ICDS VIII, securities held as stock in trade are aggregated category wise; for each category the aggregate cost and aggregate net realisable value are compared, and the lower of the two is taken as the carrying value.
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    Derivatives accounting: ICDS VI governs typical derivatives, ICDS I applies residually, capital-asset derivatives are excluded.
    ICDS VI supplies guidance for derivative contracts such as forward contracts; derivatives outside ICDS VI's scope fall under ICDS I. Derivative instruments that qualify as capital assets are excluded from ICDS and thus not governed by those standards.
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    Recognition of government grants: pre-existing grants deemed recognised on receipt while later grants follow ICDS recognition criteria.
    Grants actually received before the ICDS effective date are deemed recognised on receipt under Para 4(2) of ICDS VII and remain governed by pre-ICDS law; grants received on or after the effective date must be recognised only when the ICDS VII recognition criteria in Paras 5-9 are satisfied, with recognition then following ICDS VII.
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    Government grant for immediate financial support must be recognised when receivable, irrespective of actual receipt.
    Government grants given as immediate financial support and not tied to specific expenditure must be recognised when the grantee is entitled and sums become receivable; actual receipt is immaterial. If the grant is confined to an individual enterprise and grant-related conditions are met, recognition occurs in the period of receivability, governing timing of income inclusion and disclosure under the income computation framework.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Government grants treatment: grants not directly relatable to nondepreciable assets treated as taxable income rather than reduction in asset cost.
    Grants not directly relatable to nondepreciable assets are to be recognised as taxable income under the Act rather than deducted from asset cost; the ICDS preamble confirms the Act prevails over ICDS, and paragraph 7 of ICDS VII applies solely to depreciable assets where reduction of asset cost is appropriate.
    ManualsIncome Tax
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    Recognition of government grants: generally recognized as income on receipt unless reasonable certainty permits spreading with related costs.
    Grants for assets outside the block of depreciable assets are to be recognized as income; statutory tax provisions control and preclude spreading recognition beyond the year of receipt, except where there is reasonable certainty of receipt permitting deferral and matching with costs incurred for obligations related to the non-depreciable assets.
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    Recognition of government grants: must occur on receipt; potential reversals are applied against unamortized deferred credit balances.
    ICDS VII requires government grants to be recognised on the date of receipt and prohibits deferral beyond receipt; where grants become refundable because attached conditions are unmet, reversal of initial recognition must first be applied to the unamortized deferred credit arising from the grant, so income recognition must reflect both receipt and the certainty of meeting conditions.
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    Recognition of government grants requires reasonable certainty of compliance and receipt; disclose in income computation accordingly.
    Under ICDS VII, government grants are to be recognized when there is reasonable certainty that the related conditions will be complied with and that the grants will be received; such grants should not be postponed beyond the actual receipt date for income computation and disclosure purposes.

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      AMENDMENTS IN THE CUSTOMS ACT, 1962

      1 February, 2021

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      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

      AMENDMENTS IN THE CUSTOMS ACT, 1962

      S. No.

      Amendment

      Clause of the Finance Bill, 2021

      1.

      In Section 2, a new clause 7(B) is being introduced defining a “common portal” (Common Customs Electronic Portal )

      [ 80 ]

      2.

      Sub-section (3) to section 5 of Customs Act is being amended to empower Commissioner (Appeals) to carry out functions specified under Chapter XV, Section 108 and the new sub-section (1D) of Section 110 of Customs Act

      [ 81 ]

      3.

      Section 25 of the Customs Act is being amended to prescribe that all conditional exemptions, unless otherwise specified or varied or rescinded, given under Customs Act shall come to an end on 31st March falling immediately two years after the date of such grant or variation. …..All existing conditional exemptions in force as on the date on which the Finance Bill 2021 receives the assent of the President unless having a prescribed end date, shall come to an end on 31st March, 2023 (if not specifically extended/ rescinded earlier) on review.

      [ 82 ]

      4.

      A new section 28BB is being introduced prescribing a two-year time- limit, further extendable by one year by the Commissioner, for completion of any proceedings under this act which would culminate in issuance of a notice under section 28 of the Customs Act, 1962.

      [ 83 ]

      5.

      Sub section (3) of section 46 is being amended so as to-

      a) mandate filing of bill of entry before the end of the day preceding the day (including holidays) of arrival of goods.

      b) A new proviso is being introduced therein, to enable the Board to notify the time period for presenting bill of entry in certain cases as it may deem fit.

      [ 84 ]

      6.

      Section 110 of the Customs Act is being amended so as to revise the procedure for pre-trial disposal of seized gold, in any form as notified. Commissioner (Appeals) having jurisdiction, to certify the correctness of inventory of the seized goods and carry out other procedures as prescribed, before the disposal of the gold in a manner as may be determined by the Central Government. Other consequential amendments to give effect to this provision are also being carried out.

      [ 85 ]

      7.

      Sub-section (ja) is being added to section 113 to provide for the confiscation of any goods entered for exportation under claim of remission or refund of any duty or tax or levy, so as to make a wrongful claim in contravention of the provisions of the Customs Act, 1962 or any other law for the time being in force.

      [ 86 ]

      8.

      A new section 114AC is being inserted in Customs Act to prescribe penalty in specific case where any person has obtained any invoice by fraud, collusion, willful misstatement or suppression of facts to utilize Input Tax Credit on the basis of such invoice for discharging any duty or tax on goods that are entered for exportation under claim of refund of any duty or tax.

      [ 87 ]

      9.

      Explanation to section 139 of Customs Act is being amended so as to include inventories, photographs and lists certified by the Commissioner (Appeals) under the new sub-section (1D) to the documents within the meaning of that section to give evidentiary value to such documents.

      [ 88 ]

      10.

      Section 149 is being amended so as to-

      a) introduce a second proviso which would allow amendments to be done through the customs automated system on the basis of risk evaluation through appropriate selection criteria.

      b) introduce a third proviso so that certain amendments, as may be specified by the Board, may be done by the importer or exporter on the common portal.

      [ 89 ]

      11.

      Section 153 is being amended so as to insert a new clause “(ca)‟ under sub section (1) thereof so as to enable service of order, summons, notice, etc. by making it available on the common portal.

      [ 90 ]

      12.

      Chapter XVII is being amended so as to insert a new section 154C for notification of a common portal for facilitating registration, filing of bills of entry, shipping bills, any other document or form prescribed under this act or under any other law for the time being in force or the rules and regulations made thereunder, payment of duty and for carrying out such other functions and for such purposes as may be specified.

      [ 91 ]

       

       


      Full Text:

      Budget 2021-22 + FINANCE Bill, 2021

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      ActsIncome Tax