Just a moment...

Top
Help
×

By creating an account you can:

Logo TaxTMI
Call Us / Help / Feedback

Contact Us At :

E-mail: [email protected]

Call / WhatsApp at: +91 99117 96707

For more information, Check Contact Us

FAQs :

To know Frequently Asked Questions, Check FAQs

Most Asked Video Tutorials :

For more tutorials, Check Video Tutorials

Submit Feedback/Suggestion :

Email :
Please provide your email address so we can follow up on your feedback.
Category :
Description :
Min 15 characters0/2000
Make Most of Text Search
  1. Checkout this video tutorial: How to search effectively on TaxTMI.
  2. Put words in double quotes for exact word search, eg: "income tax"
  3. Avoid noise words such as : 'and, of, the, a'
  4. Sort by Relevance to get the most relevant document.
  5. Press Enter to add multiple terms/multiple phrases, and then click on Search to Search.
  6. Text Search
  7. The system will try to fetch results that contains ALL your words.
  8. Once you add keywords, you'll see a new 'Search In' filter that makes your results even more precise.
  9. Text Search
Add to...
You have not created any category. Kindly create one to bookmark this item!
Create New Category
Hide
Title :
Description :
❮❮ Hide
Default View
Expand ❯❯
Close ✕
🔎 TMI Notes - Adv. Search
TEXT SEARCH:

Press 'Enter' to add multiple search terms. Rules for Better Search

Search In:
Main Text + AI Text
  • Main Text
  • Main Text + AI Text
  • AI Text
Law:
---- All Laws----
  • ---- All Laws----
  • Benami Property
  • Bill
  • Central Excise
  • Companies Law
  • Customs
  • DGFT
  • FEMA
  • GST
  • GST - States
  • IBC
  • Income Tax
  • Indian Laws
  • Money Laundering
  • SEBI
  • SEZ
  • Service Tax
  • VAT / Sales Tax
Types:
---- All Types ----
  • ---- All Types ----
  • Act Rules
  • Case Laws
  • Circulars
  • Manuals
  • News
  • Notifications
Sort By: ?
In Sort By 'Default', exact matches for text search are shown at the top, followed by the remaining results in their regular order.
RelevanceDefaultDate
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Whether an amount received by an Individual (a co-parcener to the HUF) from this HUF would be taxabl...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Change in accounting policy - When is to be changed - What should be the basis for change in account...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Accrual of income - Scope of ICDS - If there is conflict between Section 5 and Section 145, which wo...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    ICDS - Accrual basis of Accounting - Accrual of income versus Receipt of income
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Bad debts out of income recognised on the basis of ICDS but not yet recognised in books of account
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Applicability of ICDS for the purpose of disallowance u/s 40(a)(i) and 40(a)(ia)
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Applicability of ICDS on TDS
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Maintenance of Books of accounts for the purpose of ICDS
    Levy of GST - Reverse Charge on Legal Services - Services provided by an individual advocate includi...
    Case LawsVAT / Sales Tax
    Reversal of Input Tax Credit - In GST / VAT era, emergence of by-product which is exempt during manu...
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Capital Gain - transfer of right in the land or transfer of land itself - addition u/s 50C - Harassm...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Whether it is required to disclose a change in the accounting policies if it has no material effect ...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    ICDS-I provides that an accounting policy shall not be changed without ’reasonable cause’. The t...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Why does the marked to market loss or an expected loss shall not be recognised as per ICDS-I.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    When does an assessee is required to make disclosures of fundamental accounting assumptions as per I...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    What is the scope of Going Concern as per ICDS I.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    ICDS-I requires disclosure of significant accounting policies and other ICDS requires specific discl...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    In case any of the ICDS provisions is contrary to a circular or press release issued by the CBDT, wh...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Whether the provisions of ICDS apply to a non-resident who claims the benefit of a double taxation a...
    ManualsIncome Tax
    When can a provision be recognized as per ICDS X.
❯❯
MaximizeMaximizeMaximize
0 / 200
Expand Note
Add to Folder

No Folders have been created

    +

    Are you sure you want to delete "My most important" ?

    NOTE:

    Notes
    Showing Results for :
    Reset Filters
    Results Found:
    Show All SummariesHide All Summaries
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Exemption for HUF distributions may not apply where clubbing rules apply, affecting taxability of co parcener receipts.
    Amounts received by an individual co parcener from the HUF are exempt in the hands of the assessee under the general exemption for such receipts, subject to the overriding provision dealing with clubbing or attribution of income which can limit that exemption.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Accounting policy change requires reasonable cause and substance-over-form treatment to reflect a true and fair view.
    Accounting policies must present a true and fair view of the state of affairs and income; treatment and presentation must follow substance over legal form; an accounting policy shall not be changed without reasonable cause, and any change must serve faithful representation for income computation and disclosure.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Accrual versus accounting method: accrual-based charge under residency provisions overrides cash-basis bookkeeping for taxing income.
    Where income has become taxable under the substantive provision governing non-resident receipts, that charging provision prevails over a taxpayer's cash-basis accounting; Section 145 is a machinery provision to effectuate the charge and cannot be used to defeat or nullify the substantive charge so as to allow taxable income to escape tax.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Accrual of income: recognition occurs when a vested right and debtor liability arise, not necessarily on actual receipt.
    ICDS I explains that accrual of income arises when a vested right to receive payment emerges and a corresponding liability is created on the other party; postponement or non-receipt does not prevent accrual, though non-receipt may justify separate deductions or claims. Accrual and arisal denote an inchoate right prior to actual receipt, while receipt denotes physical collection, and for tax accounting the existence of the right and the debtor's liability are the operative tests for accrual-based recognition.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Deduction for bad debts allowed where income recognised under ICDS but not recorded in accounts is later irrecoverable.
    Where a debt included in income on the basis of Income Computation and Disclosure Standards but not recorded in the accounts becomes irrecoverable, Finance Act, 2016 permits the debt (or part) to be allowed as a deduction in the year it becomes irrecoverable and deems that the debt has been written off in the accounts for the purposes of the deduction.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Applicability of ICDS: timing of TDS entries determines whether expenditure is disallowable under TDS disallowance provisions.
    ICDS apply only to computation of income under Profit & gains from business or profession and Income from Other Sources. For Sections 40(a)(i) and 40(a)(ia), disallowance depends on whether tax was deductible and whether an entry creating that liability or deduction existed in the year expenditure was claimed; absence of such an entry negates disallowance, while prior-year deduction of tax prevents disallowance in the year of allowance.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    ICDS exclusion from TDS timing: TDS deduction timing and taxable expenditure follow book credit or payment date.
    ICDS does not affect TDS mechanics: the time for TDS (date of credit in books or date of payment) and the expenditure amount subject to deduction are determined by the books of account or payment date, not by ICDS computation of allowable expenditure.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    ICDS compliance: prepare ICDS-based financials and reconciliations to ensure taxable income computation aligns with disclosure standards.
    Differences between accounting under ICDS and other accounting frameworks can materially affect taxable income and subsequent years' computations; taxpayers should quantify divergences and account for consequential tax adjustments. Practically, maintain parallel ICDS-based profit and loss and balance sheet statements and prepare a detailed reconciliation with primary accounting records to ensure all ICDS adjustments are considered. Auditors must certify that computation of total income complies with ICDS, making transparent documentation of adjustments and reconciliations necessary for audit certification and tax compliance.
    NotificationsGST
    Show AI Summary
    Reverse charge on legal services broadened to include advisory and representational work under GST notifications.
    Corrigenda amend reverse-charge entries to treat "services provided by an individual advocate including a senior advocate or firm of advocates by way of legal services, directly or indirectly," as taxable, and add an Explanation that "legal service" includes advice, consultancy, assistance in any branch of law and representational services, thereby broadening the scope beyond representational services before courts, tribunals or authorities.
    Case LawsVAT / Sales Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Reversal of input tax credit: sale of exempt by products triggers reversal under VAT/GST credit rules.
    Reversal of input tax credit is triggered by the sale of goods produced incidentally during manufacture, not by their status as by products. The statutory credit regime aims to prevent double taxation by granting input credit for inputs used in manufacture, but the legislature determines the extent and conditions of credit. A provision that uses the terms 'goods' and 'sale' does not distinguish by products from final products, so where the incidental output is marketable and sold for consideration, reversal rules apply.
    Case LawsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Capital gain valuation under section 50C on transfer of contractual rights challenged as inappropriate and commercially onerous.
    Application of section 50C to a transfer of rights under a power of attorney, where no possession or control of the immovable property passed and no stamp authority value was adopted, was contested; the assessing officer's adoption of an enhanced valuation for computing short term capital gains was regarded as inappropriate and characterised as harassment, and that addition was reversed on appeal.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Accounting policy change disclosure required when future material effect is expected; disclose at adoption and when it first becomes material.
    Change in accounting policies that has no material effect in the current previous year but is reasonably expected to have material effect later must be disclosed: (a) in the previous year in which the change is adopted; and (b) in the previous year in which the change has material effect for the first time.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Change in accounting policy: permitted only for reasonable cause and where AS 5 requires it or improves financial presentation.
    A change in accounting policy will be treated as reasonable if it meets the criterion established by AS 5: the change is permissible only where it is required by statute, necessary for compliance with an accounting standard, or results in a more appropriate presentation of the enterprise's financial statements.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Mark-to-market loss recognition barred under ICDS, allowed only if another ICDS or tax law permits.
    Mark-to-market and expected losses are not recognised under ICDS I unless another ICDS permits such recognition; the Accounting Standards Committee held that because anticipated profits are not recognised, parity requires that expected or mark-to-market losses also be excluded, while established tax-law precedent allows deduction for exchange fluctuation losses arising on revenue-purpose borrowings.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Disclosure of fundamental accounting assumptions required when Going Concern, Consistency or Accrual are not followed in tax reporting.
    ICDS I requires that where the Going Concern, Consistency and Accrual assumptions are followed no specific disclosure is required, but any departure from these fundamental accounting assumptions must be disclosed; the revised tax audit reporting format provides columns to record such disclosures.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Going concern assumption affects income computation and disclosure, requiring a different measurement basis if materially impinged.
    Going concern is the assumption that an assessee will continue operations and has no intent or necessity to liquidate or materially curtail business; it underpins periodic income computation and financial statements and applies in the absence of contrary information. Material uncertainties that cast doubt on going concern may impinge this assumption. ICDS I does not specify computation methods when going concern is not met; absent such mandate an assessee may follow the Framework for the Preparation and Presentation of Financial Statements and prepare statements on a different basis, affecting recognition, measurement and disclosure.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    ICDS disclosure requirements must be reported in tax audit reports and reflected in amended income tax return schedules.
    ICDS require disclosure of accounting policies and ICDS adjustments; the net effect must be disclosed in the Return of Income. Disclosures required under ICDS shall be made in the tax audit report in Form 3CD for taxpayers subject to tax audit, and no separate disclosure regime exists for those not liable to tax audit; return forms were amended to include a schedule ICDS.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    ICDS supremacy - where ICDS conflicts with CBDT circulars or press releases, the ICDS treatment prevails.
    Where ICDS provisions conflict with earlier CBDT circulars or press releases, the later ICDS provisions prevail for the period after they take effect; CBDT circulars and press releases are interpretative guidance binding on tax officers but not on taxpayers.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    DTAA supremacy: ICDS governs income computation when the treaty is silent, non-conflicting, or specifies only tax rate.
    ICDS apply to non-residents claiming DTAA benefits only where the DTAA is silent, where there is no conflict between ICDS computation and treaty treatment, where the income falls outside the DTAA's scope, or where the DTAA fixes a tax rate but does not prescribe the method of computing the income, in which case ICDS governs computation.
    ManualsIncome Tax
    Show AI Summary
    Recognition of provisions under ICDS X requires a present obligation, probable outflow of resources, and a reliable estimate.
    Recognition of a provision under ICDS X requires a present obligation from a past event, a reasonably certain outflow of resources to settle the obligation, and a reliable estimate of the obligation amount; routine future operating costs must not be recognised as provisions.

    TMI Notes

    Back

    All TMI Notes

    Showing Results for :
    Reset Filters
      No Records Found

      TMI Notes

      Back

      All TMI Notes

      whatsappJoin Channel
      Showing Results for : Reset Filters

      Comparison of section 536 "Repeal and savings." between the Income-Tax Act, 2025 (as passed) and the Income-Tax Bill, 2025 (as originally introduced)

      17 September, 2025

      Contents
      Acts
      Rules & Regulations
      Summary
      Note

      Note

      -

      Bookmark

      Print

      Print

      Section 536 Repeal and savings.

      Income-tax Act, 2025

      At a Glance

      These two texts are versions of a transitional provision (Clause/Section 536) dealing with repeal of the Income-tax Act, 1961 and savings arising from that repeal in the Income Tax Bill/Act, 2025. They matter because they govern continuity of rights, obligations, pending proceedings, carry-forwards, deductions and other transitional arrangements when a new income-tax statute replaces the 1961 Act. The principal actors affected are taxpayers (individuals, companies, cooperatives, amalgamated/successor entities) and revenue authorities. Effective dates referenced in the texts include commencement of the new Act and 1 April 2026 (and in one text a reference to 1 April 2025); specific effective timing is stated in the texts where present.

      Background & Scope

      Statutory hooks: repeal of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (43 of 1961) and application of transitional savings. Both texts are framed as a single clause titled "Repeal and savings" that seeks to preserve prior actions, proceedings and entitlements despite repeal. The documents enumerate specific categories: pending and future proceedings in respect of pre-1 April 2026 tax years; penalty proceedings; elections/options; refunds and interest; recovery of sums; carry-forwards of tax credits, losses and depreciation allowances; certain deductions and deferred revenue expenditure; treatment of notified schemes; and searches/requisitions u/ss 132/132A of the repealed Act. The documents contain tables listing sources/heads of income and corresponding repealed Act sections for loss carry-forward. Where definitions or explanatory definitions would normally appear, the texts do not provide definitions beyond referring to the "repealed Income-tax Act" and corresponding provisions of "this Act".

      Statutory Provision Mode

      Text & Scope

      The clause repeals the Income-tax Act, 1961 and provides detailed savings to preserve prior operations: prior actions, rights, obligations, pending proceedings and proceedings in respect of tax years beginning before 1 April 2026; penalty proceedings; elections/options made under the repealed Act; interest rules for refunds and defaults; recovery of sums; continuance of agreements, appointments, approvals, circulars, notifications, rules and schemes (subject to consistency with corresponding provisions); carry-forward and set-off of specified losses and credits (including under specified repealed sections such as 71B, 72, 73, 73A, 74A, 74, 72A, 72AB, 115JAA and 115JD); carry-forward of capital losses for up to eight succeeding financial years where originally allowed u/s 74; special treatment of allowances u/ss 32(2)/35(4) and specific deductions referred to in enumerated repealed sections; and continuation of search/requisition proceedings begun u/ss 132/132A. The clause also invokes section 6 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 for the effect of repeal.

      Interpretation

      The text evidences legislative intent to achieve continuity and to minimise disruption caused by repeal: rights and liabilities are preserved, pending and certain future proceedings related to pre-cut-off tax years are to be governed by the repealed procedural rules, and substantive tax positions (losses, credits, deductions) are carried forward and recognised under corresponding provisions in the new Act. The clause uses deeming language ("shall be deemed to have been", "shall continue to apply", "shall be deemed to be") to effect technical carryovers. Where the new Act lacks corresponding provisions, specific fallback sections in the new Act are identified for continuity of schemes.

      Exceptions/Provisos

      Not stated in the document: any express limitation on how long proceedings may be continued under the repealed Act apart from references to tax years beginning before 1 April 2026. Not stated in the document: transitional timelines for filing or service where procedural rules differ between the statutes, other than the general preservation language. Not stated in the document: any express power to adapt forms, fees or procedural modalities to the new Act where proceedings are continued under the repealed Act.

      Illustrations

      • Example 1: A reassessment notice issued in respect of tax year 2023-24 that remains pending on commencement of the new Act will continue and be disposed of under the repealed Act's procedure.
      • Example 2: A capital loss arising in tax year 2024-25 brought forward u/s 74 of the repealed Act may be set off against capital gains for up to eight succeeding financial years as carried forward under the savings clause.
      • Example 3: A scheme notified under the repealed Act to eliminate interface with assessees will be treated as a scheme under the corresponding provision of the new Act (or under the fallback section specified in the new Act) and will remain in force to the extent not inconsistent.

      Interplay

      The clause explicitly cross-refers to specified sections of the repealed Act (listed in the table and in sub-clauses) and to corresponding provisions of the new Act (or specified fallback sections). It also invokes section 6 of the General Clauses Act, 1897 for guidance on effect of repeal. No other rules, notifications or circulars are expressly referenced beyond deeming prior notifications/circulars to continue where not inconsistent.

      Differences between the Document 1 "Section 536 of the Income-tax Act, 2025" and Document 2 "Clause 2 of the Income-tax Bill, 2025 - (Old version)"

      • Scope of continuing proceedings (Document 1, sub-section (2)(c) vs Document 2, sub-section (2)(c)): Document 1 expressly preserves application of the repealed Act to any proceeding pending on commencement and to any proceedings "initiated on after the 1st April, 2026" in respect of tax years beginning before 1 April 2026, with such proceedings to be carried out under the repealed Act. Document 2 preserves proceedings in respect of tax years beginning before 1 April 2026, but omits the explicit phrase preserving proceedings initiated after 1 April 2026.
        • Practical impact: Document 1 more clearly authorises procedural continuation under the repealed Act even for proceedings that are initiated after 1 April 2026 so long as they concern pre-1 April 2026 tax years; Document 2 may be read as narrower, potentially raising interpretive questions about proceedings commenced after the cut-off date and whether they must follow the new Act's procedure. The wider formulation in Document 1 reduces transitional uncertainty for authorities and taxpayers about which procedure applies to late-initiated matters relating to earlier tax years.
      • Temporal reference for searches/requisitions (Document 1 sub-section (2)(v) vs Document 2 sub-section (2)(v)): Document 1 preserves application of repealed Act provisions to searches/requisitions "initiated u/s 132 or requisition u/s 132A prior to the commencement of this Act" (no fixed calendar date). Document 2 limits preservation to searches/requisitions initiated "prior to the 1st April, 2026."
        • Practical impact: Document 1 ties preservation to the Act's commencement date (which may differ from 1 April 2026), allowing flexibility if commencement occurs on a date other than 1 April 2026; Document 2 fixes the calendar date 1 April 2026. The difference affects which searches/requisitions are governed by the repealed Act versus the new Act when commencement and 1 April 2026 diverge.
      • Reference to tax year 2025 vs corresponding previous year (Document 1 sub-section (3) vs Document 2 sub-section (3)): Document 1 includes an additional sub-section (3) stating that where this Act refers to any tax year commencing on 1 April 2025 or earlier, such reference shall be construed as reference to the corresponding previous year under the repealed Act. Document 2's sub-section (3) does not include this; instead it only applies section 6 of the General Clauses Act (as its third paragraph).
        • Practical impact: Document 1 supplies an express rule for translating certain tax-year references into the repealed Act's framing, which reduces ambiguity in cross-references to earlier tax years; Document 2 lacks that express translator which could lead to interpretive disputes about corresponding previous years where year-naming conventions differ between Acts.
      • Corrections and internal textual differences: Document 2 contains editorial "NOTES" indicating corrections to specific phrases (e.g., "hereinafter" corrected to "herein", consistent use of "repealed Income-tax Act"), and some sub-clause numbering and cross-references differ (examples: section numbers cited in certain provisos are slightly different between texts). Document 1 appears as a finalized Act text with some expanded cross-references (e.g., explicit inclusion of "recomputation" in list in (2)(c)).
        • Practical impact: Editorial corrections in Document 2 show drafting adjustments; Document 1's finalized phrasing and added particulars (e.g., recomputation) clarify procedural items that affect how authorities and taxpayers identify covered actions. The more expansive list in Document 1 reduces dispute as to whether specific procedures are covered by the savings clause.
      • Treatment of schemes and corresponding section references: Document 1 deems schemes notified under the repealed Act to have been made under corresponding provisions of the new Act or u/s 532 if no corresponding provision exists; Document 2 contains the same idea but refers to section 294B where there is no corresponding provision.
        • Practical impact: The alternate fallback section numbering (532 vs 294B) changes where residual schemes are placed in the new statute; this has practical consequences for the administrative basis under which such schemes will operate and for legal challenge-users must check which fallback is actually enacted to know which administrative head applies.

      Practical Implications

      • Compliance and risk areas: Taxpayers and advisors must identify which tax years are "before 1 April 2026" to determine whether the repealed Act's rules govern ongoing matters. Where Document 1 language is used, additional certainty exists for proceedings initiated after commencement but relating to earlier years. Ambiguities in cross-references (e.g., fallback sections for schemes) require attention to the final enacted numbering and text.
      • Record-keeping/evidence points: Maintain full records of elections/options made under the repealed Act; documentation to support incurred deductions and conditions attached to them; evidence supporting loss computations and dates when losses were first computed; records of notices, assessments, appeals, search/requisition initiation dates to determine which procedural regime applies.

      Key Takeaways

      • The clause seeks to ensure continuity by preserving substantive entitlements and procedural treatment for matters tied to tax years beginning before 1 April 2026.
      • Document 1 contains broader and more explicit transitional language (e.g., proceedings initiated after 1 April 2026 and a commencement-based reference for searches), reducing interpretive gaps present in Document 2.
      • Carry-forwards (losses, credits, depreciation, certain deductions) are preserved and migrated to corresponding provisions of the new Act subject to satisfying corresponding conditions.
      • Notified schemes and prior administrative acts continue where not inconsistent, but the applicable fallback provision differs between versions (section 532 vs 294B), affecting administrative placement.
      • Taxpayers and administrators should secure contemporaneous evidence of elections, losses, and initiation dates of proceedings or searches to determine applicable law and avoid transitional disputes.

      Full Text:

      Section 536 Repeal and savings.

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax