Tax Incentives for Scientific Research: Clause 45 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 vs. Section 35

Research expenditure deductions expanded under new clause; certification and continuity rules affect pre commencement and institutional payments.

Clause 45 allows deductions for capital and revenue scientific research expenditures related to business, excluding land acquisition; permits certified pre commencement expenditures up to three years; allows payments to research associations, universities and approved companies; conditions claims on prescribed documentation and compliance; protects deductions when approvals are later withdrawn; and contains provisions on non duplication of deductions, depreciation applicability, and amalgamation asset treatment.