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    Act RulesBills
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    Taxation of oral trusts: income charged at the maximum marginal rate regardless of other provisions, deterring informal trusts.
    Income from oral trusts is taxed at the maximum marginal rate under both Section 164A and Clause 308, with a non-obstante clause to override other provisions; Clause 308 modernises the framework by referring to the person appointed under an oral trust and centralising the definition, thereby broadening potential liability and simplifying enforcement while raising disclosure and evidentiary burdens on assessees.
    Act RulesBills
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    Taxation of indeterminate-beneficiary trusts: highest marginal rate applies unless narrow bona fide exceptions permit AOP rate.
    Clause 307 taxes income of representative assessees at the maximum marginal rate where beneficiaries or their shares are not expressly identifiable in the trust instrument or court order, with deeming provisions treating ambiguity as indeterminacy. Exceptions permit taxation at the AOP rate for beneficiaries below exemption limits and not under other trusts, sole will-declared trusts, bona fide pre-1970 family trusts for dependents, and bona fide employee benefit funds. Business profits are generally taxed at the maximum rate, except for sole testamentary trusts for dependent relatives which may get AOP treatment.
    Act RulesBills
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    Agent of non resident: expanded definition enables tax assessment and recovery from connected persons and intermediaries.
    The clause defines who may be regarded as an agent of a non resident for tax purposes, listing persons employed by or acting for the non resident, those having any business connection with the non resident, persons from or through whom the non resident receives income, trustees, and any person acquiring a capital asset in India by transfer; it excludes certain brokers and requires an opportunity of being heard before treating any person as an agent.
    Act RulesBills
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    Representative assessee rights to recover or retain tax protect intermediaries and permit certified withholding pending final liability.
    Clause 305 grants a representative assessee a statutory right to recover from the principal any sum paid under the Act or to retain an equivalent amount from monies in his possession; allows withholding of an estimated liability prior to assessment; authorizes obtaining an Assessing Officer's certificate to fix the amount eligible for retention pending settlement; and limits recoverable liability to the certificate amount except insofar as the representative then holds additional assets of the principal.
    Act RulesBills
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    Representative assessee liability clarified: apportionment formula and direct beneficiary assessment enhance tax recovery powers.
    Representative assessees are treated as if represented income were received beneficially by them, making them liable to assessment and recovery in their name in a representative capacity; a bar on double assessment applies. The Assessing Officer may directly assess or recover tax from the beneficiary, and may use the same remedies against property under the representative's control as against property of any taxpayer. For partly chargeable trust income the Clause prescribes a formula to apportion each beneficiary's taxable share, while omitting the prior maximum marginal rate rule for trustees' business income.
    Act RulesBills
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    Representative assessee provisions modernized: agents, guardians and trustees held liable for tax compliance and assessment.
    Clause 303 designates specified persons as representative assessees-agents of non-residents, guardians/managers for minors and persons of unsound mind, court-appointed managers and trustees of written and oral trusts-and deems each representative to be an assessee for all purposes, including filing returns, payment of tax, and submission to assessment and appeal proceedings; it also provides a deeming mechanism allowing informal trusts to be treated as written trusts when a written statement is submitted to the Assessing Officer within prescribed timelines.
    Act RulesBills
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    Continuity of tax liability: legal representatives remain liable for deceased's tax obligations, limited to the estate, with exceptions.
    Clause 302 establishes that the legal representative is liable for any sum the deceased would have owed, is deemed to be an assessee, and that pending or potential assessments may be continued or initiated against the legal representative; liability is ordinarily limited to the estate's capacity but personal liability arises where the representative alienates or charges estate assets while liabilities remain, capped at the value of the asset so alienated.
    Act RulesBills
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    Saving clause preserves general tax provisions in search assessments unless the special chapter expressly overrides them.
    Clause 300 and Section 158BH operate as a saving clause preserving applicability of all general provisions of the Act to assessments under the special search chapter, except where the special chapter expressly provides otherwise; this ensures procedural, substantive and remedial provisions (notice, appeals, penalties, recovery, limitation rules) continue to apply unless specifically overridden, while raising interpretive issues about the extent of overriding effect, classification of provisions as procedural or substantive, and transitional application under the new Bill.
    Act RulesBills
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    Authority for block assessments: senior officer decision plus prior supervisory approval required to validate search based assessments.
    Orders assessing undisclosed income in search cases must be passed by an Assessing Officer at or above specified senior ranks and only with the previous approval of a higher authority; Clause 299 of the Income Tax Bill, 2025 carries forward this core framework from Section 158BG while aligning applicability to the commencement of the new Act. The requirement that approvals reflect a genuine application of mind, clear documentation of the approval process, and management of transitional cases are central operative obligations.
    Act RulesBills
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    Interest and penalty in search assessments: revised rules mandate monthly interest and a fixed half tax penalty with a compliance safe harbor.
    Clause 298 retains the Section 158BFA framework by charging simple interest on tax determined on undisclosed income for delay or non-filing after a search notice and imposing a fixed penalty equal to fifty percent of tax on undisclosed income, while providing a safe harbor where return is filed, tax paid with evidence and no appeal is filed; procedural safeguards include a right to be heard, supervisory approval for larger penalties, exclusion of rehearing and court stay periods from limitation, and mandatory communication of penalty orders to the Assessing Officer.
    Act RulesBills
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    Relief from interest and penalty: block-period undisclosed income in search assessments taxed without additional interest or penalty.
    Clause 297 exempts assessees from interest and penalty for undisclosed income assessed or reassessed for the block period in search and seizure proceedings, limiting relief to block-period income and applying to both initial block assessments and reassessments while leaving regular assessments and other penalties unaffected.
    Act RulesBills
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    Time limitation for block assessments ensures fixed completion period with specified exclusions and reference extensions.
    Clause 296 mandates that block assessment orders be completed within twelve months from the end of the month in which the last search or requisition authorisation was executed, extends that period by twelve months where a statutory reference is made, excludes up to 180 days for transfer of seized material to the jurisdictional Assessing Officer, provides a minimum residual period of sixty days after exclusions, and suspends the limitation clock for a specified list of circumstances such as court stays, international information exchange (capped), audits and valuation references, and advance ruling proceedings.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Assessment of third-party undisclosed income enables transfer of seized material to jurisdictional AO for special assessment procedure.
    Clause 295 mandates that where an AO is satisfied undisclosed income discovered in a search pertains to a person other than the one searched, all seized assets, documents and information must be handed over to the AO having jurisdiction over that third person, who will assess the third party under the Bill's special assessment procedure, with the relevant chapter's provisions applying mutatis mutandis, and explicitly includes virtual digital assets and electronic records within scope.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Block assessment procedure tightens timelines and mandates electronic filing, broadening assessment to total income including undisclosed income
    The clause establishes a restructured block assessment procedure triggered by search or requisition, requiring the Assessing Officer to issue a notice for a return in a prescribed form and manner with mandatory electronic filing for specified categories. Returns must be filed within a capped period, revised returns are barred, and furnished returns carry deeming consequences; prior supervisory approval is required before issuing the notice. The AO must determine tax on the basis of the block period, applying renumbered computation, penalty and procedural provisions "so far as may be," and may verify tax credits claimed against assessed undisclosed income.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Block period income computation clarifies aggregation, exclusions and evidentiary basis for assessing undisclosed income in search cases.
    Clause 293 prescribes a structured, evidence based aggregation of block period income, listing components such as voluntary disclosures, income previously assessed, income declared in response to notices, income determined from books and documents, and any additional undisclosed income identified by the Assessing Officer on available evidence. It excludes international and specified domestic transactions from block assessment, applies special rules for firms, disallows set off of prior losses and unabsorbed depreciation against undisclosed income, and permits carry forward of such losses for subsequent years.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Search assessment regime establishes exclusive procedure for block-period income, abatement and revival rules, and separate regular-income treatment.
    Clause 292 creates an exclusive special procedure for block-period assessments triggered by search or requisition, mandating automatic abatement of all pending assessments and related references or orders for relevant tax years, requiring completion of earlier search assessments before subsequent ones (with minimum extensions where needed), prescribing separate treatment of regular income for the year of the last search, providing revival of abated proceedings if the special assessment is annulled, and standardising taxation of block-period income by cross-reference to the Bill's charging provision.
    Act RulesBills
    Show AI Summary
    Block period definition modernisation clarifies timeframe and triggers for assessing undisclosed income in search and requisition cases.
    Clause 301 provides an interpretative framework for special search assessments by defining the block period as a multi year look back plus the portion of the year of search or requisition, modernising terminology to "tax year", clarifying that the conclusion of search (as per the last panchnama) determines execution irrespective of seizure, defining requisitioned and seized items, and expressly including virtual digital assets and incorrect claims of deductions within the definition of undisclosed income.
    Act RulesBills
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    Identical question of law deferral: appeals stayed pending final decision in lead cases, subject to collegium and taxpayer acceptance.
    Clause 376 provides for deferral of revenue appeals where an identical question of law is pending before a High Court or the Supreme Court. A collegium of senior Commissioners may direct non-filing of appeals where the precedent case favours the assessee; the Principal Commissioner/Commissioner must instruct the Assessing Officer to file a prescribed-form application within set timelines. Deferral requires the assessee's acceptance of identity; absent such acceptance ordinary appellate procedures apply. If the final decision in the lead case is adverse to the revenue, appeals may be filed within specified periods.
    Act RulesBills
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    Avoidance of repetitive appeals: a declaration procedure lets an assessee defer identical legal issues pending higher court decisions.
    Clause 375 permits an assessee to file a prescribed declaration to defer litigation where an identical question of law is pending in another case before a higher forum; the authority must verify the claim with a report from the Assessing Officer and an opportunity to be heard, and may admit or reject the claim by reasoned written order which is final. If admitted, the case may be disposed of without awaiting the other case's decision, the assessee is barred from raising the issue in further appeals for that case, and the final decision in the other case must be applied, with amendment of earlier orders if necessary.
    Act RulesBills
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    Power to frame schemes enables broad faceless, technology driven tax administration with authority to modify statutory application.
    Clause 532 grants the Central Government power to notify schemes for any purposes of the Income Tax Act to enhance efficiency, transparency and accountability by eliminating taxpayer interface where technologically feasible and optimising resource use; it further authorises notifications to modify application of Act provisions for scheme implementation, allows amendment of existing schemes under the prior law, and requires that such notifications be laid before Parliament.

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      CUSTOMS - OTHER PROPOSALS INVOLVING CHANGES IN BASIC CUSTOMS DUTY RATES IN NOTIFICATIONS

      24 July, 2024

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      Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

      A.

      Changes in Basic Customs Duty (to be effective from 24.07.2024)

      Rates of Duty

      S. No.

      Chapter, Heading, sub- heading, tariff item

      Commodity

      From

      To

      I.

       

      Agricultural Products

       

       

      1.

      1207 99 90

      Shea nuts

      30%

      15%

      II.

       

      Aquafarming & Marine Exports

       

       

      1.

      0306 36

      Live SPF Vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) broodstock

      10%

      5%

      2.

      0306 36

      Live Black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) broodstock

      10%

      5%

      3.

      0306 36 60

      Artemia

      5%

      Nil

      4.

      0511 91 40

      Artemia cysts

      5%

      Nil

      5.

      0308 90 00

      SPF Polychaete worms

      30%

      5%

      6.

      1504 20

       Fish lipid oil for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

      15%

      Nil

      7.

      1504 20

       Crude fish oil for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

      30%

      Nil

      8.

      1518

      Algal Oil for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

      15%

      Nil

      9.

      2102 20 00

      Algal Prime (flour) for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

      15%

      Nil

      10.

      2309 90 90

      Mineral and Vitamin Premixes for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

      5%

      Nil

      11.

      2301 10 90

      Insect meal for use in Research & Development purposes in aquatic feed manufacturing

      15%

      5%

      12.

      2309 90 90

      Single Cell Protein from Natural Gas for use in Research & Development purposes in aquatic feed manufacturing

      15%

      5%

      13.

      2301 20

      Krill Meal for use in manufacture of aquatic feed

      5%

      Nil

      14.

      1901

      Pre-dust breaded powder for use in processing of sea-food

      30%

      Nil

      15.

      2309 90 31

      Prawn and shrimps feed

      15%

      5%

      16.

      2309 90 39

      Fish feed

      15%

      5%

      III.

       

      Critical Minerals

       

       

      1.

      2504

      Natural Graphite

      5%

      2.5%

      2.

      2505

      Natural sands of all kinds, whether or not coloured, other than metal bearing sands of chapter 26 of The Customs tariff Act, 1975

      5%

      Nil

      3.

      2506

      Quartz (other than natural sands); quartzite, whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape

      5%

      2.5%

      4.

      2530 90 91

      Strontium sulphate (natural ore)

      5%

      Nil

      5.

      2603 00 00

      Copper ores and concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      6.

      2605 00 00

      Cobalt ores and concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      7.

      2609 00 00

      Tin ores and Concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      8.

      2611 00 00

      Tungsten Ores and Concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      9.

      2613

      Molybdenum ores and concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      10.

      2615 10 00

      Zirconium ores and concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      11.

      2615 90

      Hafnium Ores and concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      12.

      2615 90 10

      Vanadium ores and concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      13.

      2615 90 20

      Niobium or tantalum ores and concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      14.

      2617

      Antimony Ores and Concentrates

      2.5%

      Nil

      15.

      2804 50 20

      Tellurium

      5%

      Nil

      16.

      2804 61 00

      Silicon, containing by weight not less than 99.99% of silicon

      5%

      Nil

      17.

      2804 69 00

      Other silicon

      5%

      Nil

      18.

      2804 90 00

      Selenium

      5%

      Nil

      19.

      2805 30 00

      Alkali or alkaline earth metals, Rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or inter alloyed

      5%

      Nil

      20.

      2811 22 00

      Silicon dioxide

      7.5%

      2.5%

      21.

      2815 20 00

      Potassium hydroxide

      7.5%

      Nil

      22.

      2816 40 00

      Oxides, hydroxides and peroxides, of strontium or barium

      7.5%

      Nil

      23.

      2822 00 10

      Cobalt oxides

      7.5%

      Nil

      24.

      2822 00 20

      Cobalt hydroxides

      7.5%

      Nil

      25.

      2822 00 30

      Commercial cobalt oxides

      7.5%

      Nil

      26.

      2825 20 00

      Lithium oxide and hydroxide

      7.5%

      Nil

      27.

      2825 30

      Vanadium oxides and hydroxides

      2.5%/7.5%

      Nil

      28.

      2825 60 10

      Germanium oxides

      7.5%

      Nil

      29.

      2825 70

      Molybdenum oxides and hydroxides

      7.5%

      Nil

      30.

      2825 80 00

      Antimony oxides

      7.5%

      Nil

      31.

      2825 90 20

      Cadmium oxides

      7.5%

      Nil

      32.

      2827 35 00

      Chlorides of Nickel

      7.5%

      Nil

      33.

      2827 39 30

      Strontium chloride

      7.5%

      Nil

      34.

      2833 24 00

      Sulphates of Nickel

      7.5%

      Nil

      35.

      2834 21 00

      Nitrates of potassium

      7.5%

      Nil

      36.

      2836 91 00

      Lithium carbonates

      7.5%

      Nil

      37.

      2836 92 00

      Strontium carbonates

      7.5%

      Nil

      38.

      2841 90 00

      Salts of oxometallic or peroxometallic acids of Beryllium and Rhenium

      7.5%

      Nil

      39.

      2846

      Compounds, inorganic or organic of rare earth metals

      7.5%

      Nil

      40.

      2918 15 30

      Bismuth citrate

      7.5%

      Nil

      41.

      3801

      Artificial Graphite, colloidal or semi-colloidal graphite, preparations based on graphite or other carbon in form of pastes, blocks, plates or other semimanufactures

      7.5%

      2.5%

      42.

      8001

      Unwrought Tin

      5%

      Nil

      43.

      8101 94 00

      Unwrought tungsten, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering

      5%

      Nil

      44.

      8102 94 00

      Unwrought molybdenum, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering

      5%

      Nil

      45.

      8103 20

      Unwrought tantalum, including bars and rods obtained simply by sintering, powders

      5%

      Nil

      46.

      8105 20 20

      Cobalt, unwrought

      5%

      Nil

      47.

      8106 10 10

      Bismuth, unwrought

      2.5%

      Nil

      48.

      8109 21 00

      Unwrought zirconium, powders, Containing less than 1 part hafnium to 500 parts zirconium by weight

      10%

      Nil

      49.

      8110 10 00

      Unwrought antimony, powders

      2.5%

      Nil

      50.

      8112 12 00

      Beryllium unwrought, powders

      5%

      Nil

      51.

      8112 31

      Hafnium unwrought, waste and scrap, powders

      10%

      Nil

      52.

      8112 41 10

      Rhenium unwrought

      10%

      Nil

      53.

      8112 69 10

      Cadmium unwrought, powders

      5%

      Nil

      54.

      8112 69 20

      Cadmium, wrought

      5%

      Nil

      55.

      8112 92 00

      (ii) Unwrought; waste and scrap; powder of, -

      (i) Gallium

      (ii) Germanium

      (iii) Indium

      (iv) Niobium

      (v) Vanadium

      5%

      Nil

      IV.

       

      Steel Sector

       

       

      1.

      7202 60 00

      Ferro Nickel

      2.5%

      Nil

      2.

      7204

      Ferrous Scrap

      Nil (till 30.09.2024)

      Nil (till 31.03.2 026)

      3.

      7225

      Certain specified raw materials for manufacture of CRGO steel

      Nil (till 30.09.2024)

      Nil (till 31.03.2 026)

      V.

       

      Copper

       

       

      1.

      7402 00 10

      Blister Copper

      5%

      Nil

      VI.

       

      Chemicals and Plastics

       

       

      1.

      3102 30 00

      Ammonium Nitrate, whether or not in aqueous solution

      7.5%

      10%

      2.

      3920 (other than 3920 99 99) or 3921

      All goods other than Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) flex films/flex banner

      25% (with effect from 24.07.2024)

      10%

      3.

      3920 99 99

      All goods other than Poly vinyl chloride (PVC) flex films/flex banner

      25% (with effect from 24.07.2024)

      15%

      VII.

       

      Textile and Leather Sector

       

       

      1.

      2929 10 90

      Methylene Diphenyl Di-isocyanate (MDI) for use in the manufacture of Spandex Yarn

      7.5%

      5% Subject to IGCR conditions

      2.

      41

      Wet white, Crust and finished leather for manufacture of textile or leather garments, leather /synthetic footwear or other leather products, for export

      10%

      Nil Items under Sl. No. 257B and 257C of Notification 50/2017 - Customs, dated 30.06.2017

      3.

      38,48 or any other Chapter

      Certain additional accessories and embellishments for manufacture of textile or leather garments, leather/synthetic footwear or other leather products, for export

      As applicable

      Nil Items under Sl. No. 257B and 257C of Notification 50/2017 - Customs, dated 30.06.2017

      4.

      0505 10

      Real Down Filling Material from Duck or Goose for use in the manufacture of textile or leather garments for export

      30%

      10%

      VIII.

       

      Cancer Drugs

       

       

      1.

      30

      (i) Trastuzumab Deruxtecan,

      (ii) Osimertinib,

      (iii) Durvalumab

      10%

      Nil

      IX.

       

      Precious Metals

       

       

      1.

      7108

      Gold bar

      15%

      6%

      2.

      7108

      Gold dore

      14.35%

      5.35%

      3.

      7106

      Silver bar

      15%

      6%

      4.

      7106

      Silver dore

      14.35%

      5.35%

      5.

      7110

      Platinum, Palladium, Osmium, Ruthenium, Iridium

      15.4%

      6.4%

      6.

      7118

      Coins of precious metals

      15%

      6%

      7.

      7113

      Gold/Silver findings

      15%

      6%

      8.

      71

      Platinum and Palladium used in the manufacture of noble metal solutions, noble metal compounds and catalytic convertors

      7.5%

      5%

      9.

      84

      Bushings made of platinum and rhodium alloy when imported in exchange of worn out or damaged bushings exported out of India

      7.5%

      5%

      X.

       

      Medical Equipment

       

       

      1.

      39

      All types of polyethylene for use in manufacture of orthopaedic implants falling under sub-heading 9021 10

      As applicable

      Nil

      2.

      39, 72, 81

      Special grade stainless steel, Titanium alloys, Cobalt-chrome alloys, and All types of polyethylene for use in manufacture of other artificial parts of the body falling under sub-heading 9021 31 or 9021 39

      As applicable

      Nil

      3.

      9022 30 00

      X-ray tubes for use in manufacture of X-ray machines for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary use

      15%

      5% (till 31st March 2025)

      7.5% (w.e.f 1st April, 2025 to 31st March, 2026)

      10% (w.e.f 1st April, 2026)

      4.

      9022 90 90

      Flat panel detectors (including scintillators) for use in manufacture of X-ray machines for medical, surgical, dental or veterinary use

      15%

      5% (till 31st March 2025)

      7.5% (w.e.f 1st April, 2025 to 31st March, 2026)

      10% (w.e.f 1st April, 2026)

      XI.

       

      IT and Electronics Sector

       

       

      1.

      8517 13 00, 8517 14 00

      Cellular mobile phone

      20%

      15%

      2.

      8504 40

      Charger/Adapter of cellular mobile phone

      20%

      15%

      3.

      8517 79 10

      Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of cellular mobile phone

      20%

      15%

      4.

      28, 29, 38

      Specified parts for use in manufacture of connectors

      5%/7.5%

      Nil

      5.

      74

      Oxygen Free Copper for use in manufacture of Resistors

      5%

      Nil

      6.

      40

      Specified die-cut parts for use in manufacture of cellular mobile phones

      As applicable

      Nil

      7.

      40, 70, 76

      Specified mechanics for use in manufacture of cellular mobile phones

      As applicable

      Nil

      8.

      8517 79 10

      Printed Circuit Board Assembly (PCBA) of specified telecom equipment

      10%

      15%

      XII.

       

      Renewable Energy Sector

       

       

      1.

      84, 85, or any other chapter

      Specified capital goods for use in manufacture of solar cells or solar modules, and parts for manufacture of such capital goods

      7.5%

      Nil

      2.

      7007

      Solar glass for manufacture of solar cells or solar modules

      Nil

      10% (w.e.f. 1.10.20 24)

      3.

      74

      Tinned copper interconnect for manufacture of solar cells or solar modules

      Nil

      5%(w.e.f 1.10.20 24)

      XIII.

       

      Shipping

       

       

      1.

      Any Chapter

      Components and consumables for use in manufacture of specified vessels

      As applicable

      Nil

      2.

      Any Chapter

      Technical documentation and spare parts for construction of warships

      As applicable

      Nil

      XIV.

       

      Capital goods

       

       

      1.

      Any Chapter

      Goods under S. No. 404 of Notification No. 50/2017 Customs, used for petroleum exploration operations

      As applicable

      Nil

      B.

      Changes in Export Duty (To be effective from 24.7.2024)

      Effective export duty on raw skins, hides & leather is being simplified and rationalized. The changes are as follows -

      Rate of Duty

      S. No.

      Chapter or Heading

      Commodity

      From

      To

      1.

      4101 to 4103

      Raw Hides & skins, all sorts (other than buffalo)

      40%

      40%

      2.

      4101

      Raw Hides & skins of buffalo

      30%

      30%

      3.

      4104 to 4106

      Tanned or crust hides of skins, whether or not split, but not further prepared

      40

      20%

      4.

      4104 to 4106

      E.I. tanned leather

      Nil

      Nil

      5.

      41

      Finished leather as defined by DGFT finished leather norms

      Nil

      Nil

      6.

      4301

      Raw fur skins

      60%/10%

      40%

      7.

      4302

      Tanned or dressed furskin

      60%

      20%


      Full Text:

      Union Budget 2024-25 (Full) + FINANCE (No.2) Bill, 2024

      Topics

      ActsIncome Tax