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Amendments to sections 473-485 and 494 recast many penalties from rigorous to simple imprisonment, cap most maximum terms at two years (with lower terms for subsequent offences), introduce fines in lieu of or alongside imprisonment, and adopt a tiered penalty structure tied to amounts of tax evaded-higher tiers permitting up to two years' simple imprisonment, intermediate tiers up to six months, and lower tiers limited to fines-while fully decriminalising selected offences and creating specific carve outs for certain TDS/TCS categories.
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Section 295 currently requires that seized material relating to undisclosed income of a person other than the specified person be handed to that person's AO and that the other person undergo block assessment with the same block period; the Finance Bill proposes amending Section 295(2) to limit the period of block for such third parties, particularly where the undisclosed income pertains to a single tax year, with effect for searches or requisitions initiated on or after 1 April 2026.
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The amendment replaces the last search authorization date with the initiation of search (or requisition) as the reference for computing the block-assessment limitation period and increases that period from twelve months to eighteen months, effective for searches or requisitions initiated on or after 1 April 2026.
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Penalties for certain compliance failures converted into graded fees with specified caps, effective April 1, 2026.
Select penalties for technical compliance failures are converted into prescribed graded fees: audit-reporting failures replaced by fees of Rs. 75,000 and Rs. 1,50,000 depending on delay; failure to furnish accountant reports for international or specified domestic transactions replaced by fees of Rs. 50,000 and Rs. 1,00,000; and failure to furnish statements of financial transactions or reportable accounts is converted into a fee with an introduced upper limit of Rs. 1,00,000 for the post-notice daily levy. The amendments take effect from the tax year beginning 1 April, 2026.
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Penalties for under-reporting or misreporting are to be imposed within the assessment order to avoid multiple proceedings; consequential amendments align penalty, dispute resolution and recovery provisions. Interest under the tax recovery provision will be charged only after an appellate order by the first appellate authority or tribunal in appeals from dispute resolution forum orders.
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Amendment to section 466 raises the maximum penalty for non-compliance with section 254 information directions from Rs. 1,000 to Rs. 25,000, to enhance deterrence and voluntary compliance. The enhanced sanction is to be imposed by specified tax officers and takes effect from 1 April 2026, applying to tax year 2026-27 and subsequent years.
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Union Budget expands taxpayer immunity to misreporting cases, allowing settlement by paying additional tax in lieu of penalty.
Section 440 is to be amended to allow immunity from penalty and prosecution where under reporting arises from misreporting, subject to existing eligibility and procedural conditions. Immunity requires payment of additional income tax equal to 100% of the tax on such income; for income determined as unexplained credits/investments/assets the additional tax payable for immunity is 120%. The amendment is effective 1 April 2026 for tax year 2026 27 onward.
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Amendment expands tax immunity to cover under reporting that results from misreporting, subject to existing procedural conditions.
Amendment extends the existing immunity from penalty and prosecution to cases where under reporting of income results from misreporting, subject to existing conditions: payment of tax and interest within the demand period, no appeal against the assessment, timely filing of an immunity application within one month, and assessing officer decision on the application within three months.
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Cooperative societies: deduction allowed on dividends from other cooperatives in new tax regime; limited federal cooperative relief.
Deduction is extended to dividends received by cooperative societies from other cooperative societies in the new tax regime, limited to amounts distributed to members. Notified federal cooperatives may claim a temporary deduction for dividends from companies for three years, restricted to investments made by the federal cooperative on or before 31.01.2026 and distributed to members. The amendment is effective from 1 April 2026 and applies to the tax year 2026-27 and subsequent years.
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Union Budget expands deduction to include cattle feed and cotton seeds under section 149(2)(b) for primary co operative societies.
Amendment expands section 149(2)(b) to permit full deduction of profits and gains of a primary co-operative society where members supply cattle feed and cotton seeds to a federal co-operative society, Government, local authority, Government company, or corporation engaged in the same business, applying from the tax year beginning 1 April 2026.
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Inclusion of multi-state co-operative societies in the co-operative society definition for tax purposes from April 2026.
Amendment expands the statutory definition of co-operative society to expressly include societies registered under the Multi-State Cooperative Societies Act, 2002, thereby bringing multi state registered cooperatives within the legal category subject to provisions applicable to co-operative societies under the Act.
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Advance pricing agreements now allow associated enterprises to file modified returns within three months for covered tax years.
Where income is modified as a result of an advance pricing agreement entered into with any person, that person or any associated enterprise may furnish a return or modified return limited to the agreement, within three months from the end of the month in which the agreement was entered into, in respect of tax years covered by such agreement entered on or after 1 April 2026 for tax years beginning 1 April 2026 and subsequent tax years.
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Exemption for foreign companies on income from procuring data centre services if routed through an Indian reseller.
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Prospecting of critical minerals now qualifies for deferred tax deduction over ten years under expanded schedule provisions.
The schedule is amended to add critical minerals so that expenditure on prospecting and exploration of those minerals qualifies for the statutory deferred deduction available to resident taxpayers, with such expenses deductible over ten years from the year of commercial production and covering costs incurred in that year and up to four preceding years.
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Exemption for foreign companies' income from supplying capital equipment to contract manufacturers in custom bonded areas.
An exemption is introduced for income of a foreign company from providing capital goods, equipment or tooling to an Indian-resident contract manufacturer located in a custom bonded area that manufactures electronic goods for the foreign company for consideration; the time-limited exemption applies up to the tax year 2030-2031 and takes effect from 1 April 2026, applying to the tax year 2026-27 and subsequent years within the stated period.
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Non-resident cruise operations and electronics manufacturing services excluded from MAT when using presumptive taxation.
Amendment excludes certain specified non-resident businesses that opt for presumptive taxation from the scope of Minimum Alternate Tax, adding cruise ship operations and services or technology for establishing electronics manufacturing facilities for resident companies to the excluded categories, with prospective application to subsequent tax years.
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Non-resident service providers: five-year exemption for foreign income when rendering services under notified Indian schemes.
An individual who has been a non-resident for five consecutive tax years immediately preceding their first visit to India to render services under a Scheme notified by the Central Government may be exempt, for five consecutive tax years commencing with that first tax year, from tax on income that accrues or arises outside India and is not deemed to accrue or arise in India, subject to prescribed conditions.
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IFSC units and OBUs will get a longer 100% deduction period and post-expiry income taxed at 15%.
Proposed amendments extend the 100% deduction under section 147 for IFSC units from 10 consecutive years out of 15 to 20 consecutive years out of 25, and for OBUs from 10 consecutive years to 20 consecutive years; business income from IFSC after the deduction period will be taxed at 15%. The amendments apply from 1 April 2026 to the tax year 2026-27 and subsequent years.
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Treasury centre dividend exclusion limited to cross border group loans in notified jurisdictions with parent listed abroad.
Amendment restricts the dividend exclusion for inter group advances or loans involving a Finance company or Finance unit by requiring the other group entity to be located in a notified jurisdiction outside India and the group's parent or principal entity to be listed abroad; the Central Government will notify eligible jurisdictions. It also defines "group entity" by reference to the IFSCA (Payment Services) Regulations, 2024, and defines "parent/principal entity" by voting power and board control tests; the changes apply from 1 April 2026 for tax year 2026 27 onward.

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AMENDMENTS TO THE CUSTOMS TARIFF ACT, 1975

1 February, 2026

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Union Budget 2026-27 - Finance Bill, 2026

(a) The First Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 is proposed to be amended to carry out changes as under-

A.

Modification in Tariff rate (to be effective from 02.02.2026) * [Clause 136(a) of the Finance Bill, 2026]

*Will come into effect immediately through a declaration under the Provisional Collection of Taxes Act, 2023

Rate of Basic Customs Duty

S. No.

Heading, sub-heading, tariff item

Commodity

From (per cent)

To (per cent)

MSME sector

1.

6601 91 00,

6601 99 00

Umbrellas (other than garden umbrellas)

20%

20% or Rs. 60 per piece, whichever is higher

2.

6603 20 00, 6603 90 10, 6603 90 90

Parts, trimmings and accessories of articles of heading 6601 to 6602

10%

10% or Rs. 25 per kg., whichever is higher

B.

Decrease in Tariff rate (to be effective from 01.04.2026) [Clause 136(b) of the Finance Bill, 2026]

Rate of Basic Customs Duty

1.

9804

All dutiable goods, imported for personal use

20%

10%

C.

Tariff rate changes (without any change in effective rate of duty) [to be effective from 01.05.2026, unless otherwise specified] * [Clause 136(c) of the Finance Bill, 2026]

*Note:

1. The current applied rate of Basic Customs Duty on these commodities operate through their respective exemption/concessional duty notification(s). Such corresponding entries would be omitted from the concerned notification(s) with effect from 01.05.2026, as the same would operate through the Customs Tariff Act, 1975, in the manner as detailed below. It is an exercise for simplification of the Customs tariff structure and applicable Basic Customs Duty rate on these items would remain unchanged.

2. Heading and sub-heading referred in column (2) shall include all tariff items under such heading or sub- heading.

3. The said changes are to be read with consequent amendments related to Social Welfare Surcharge (SWS) and Agriculture Infrastructure and Development Cess (AIDC).

Rate of Duty

S. No.

Heading, sub-heading tariff item

Commodity

From

To

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

1.

0207 25 00, 0207 27 00

Meat and edible offal of turkeys, frozen

30%

5%

2.

0306 36 60

Artemia

5%

Nil

3.

0511 91 40

Artemia cysts

5%

Nil

4.

0802 11 00

Almonds, in shell

Rs.42 per kg

Rs.35 per kg

5.

0802 12 00

Almonds, shelled

Rs.120 per kg

Rs. 100 per kg

6.

0802 31 00

Walnuts, in shell

120%

100%

7.

1209 (other than those falling under sub headings 1209 91 and 1209 99)

Seeds, fruit and spores, of a kind used for sowing

30%

15%

8.

1505

Wool grease and fatty substances derived therefrom (including lanolin)

30%

15%

9.

2008 19 21, 2008 19 22, 2008 19 29, 2008 19 91

Makhana, other roasted nuts and seeds

150%

30%

10.

2008 19 92

Other nuts, otherwise prepared or preserved

150%

30%

11.

2309 90 31

Prawn and shrimps feed

15%

5%

12.

2504

Natural graphite

5%

2.5%

13.

2505

Natural sands of all kinds, whether or not coloured, other than metal bearing sands of chapter 26 of the Customs Tariff Act, 1975

5%

Nil

14.

2506

Quartz (other than natural sands); quartzite, whether or not roughly trimmed or merely cut, by sawing or otherwise, into blocks or slabs of a rectangular (including square) shape

5%

2.5%

15.

2530 90 91

Strontium sulphate (natural ore)

5%

Nil

16.

2701, 2702, 2703

Coal; briquettes, ovoids and similar solid fuels manufactured from coal; Lignite, whether or not agglomerated, excluding jet; Peat (including peat litter), whether or not agglomerated

5%

2.5%

17.

2709 00 10

Petroleum crude

5%

Re 1 per tonne

18.

2804 50 20

Tellurium

5%

Nil

19.

2804 61 00

Silicon, containing by weight not less than 99.99% of silicon

5%

Nil

20.

2804 69 00

Silicon, other

5%

Nil

21.

2804 90 00

Selenium

5%

Nil

22.

2805 30 00

Rare-earth metals, scandium and yttrium, whether or not intermixed or inter alloyed

5%

Nil

23.

2809 20 10

Phosphoric Acid

7.5%

5%

24.

2811 22 00

Silicon dioxide

7.5%

2.5%

25.

2816 40 00

Oxides, hydroxides and peroxides, of strontium or barium

7.5%

Nil

26.

2822 00 10

Cobalt oxides

7.5%

Nil

27.

2822 00 20

Cobalt hydroxides

7.5%

Nil

28.

2822 00 30

Commercial cobalt oxides

7.5%

Nil

29.

2825 20 00

Lithium oxide and hydroxide

7.5%

Nil

30.

2825 30

Vanadium oxides and hydroxides

7.5%

Nil

31.

2825 60 10

Germanium oxides

7.5%

Nil

32.

2825 70

Molybdenum oxides and hydroxides

7.5%

Nil

33.

2825 80 00

Antimony Oxides

7.5%

Nil

34.

2825 90 20

Cadmium oxide

7.5%

Nil

35.

2827 35 00

Chlorides of Nickel

7.5%

Nil

36.

2827 39 30

Strontium chloride

7.5%

Nil

37.

2833 24 00

Sulphates of Nickel

7.5%

Nil

38.

2834 21 00

Nitrates of potassium

7.5%

Nil

39.

2836 91 00

Lithium carbonates

7.5%

Nil

40.

2836 92 00

Strontium carbonate

7.5%

Nil

41.

2910 20 00

Methyloxirane (propylene oxide)

5%

2.5%

42.

2918 15 30

Bismuth citrate

7.5%

Nil

43.

3102 30 00

Ammonium nitrate, whether or not in aqueous solution

10%

5%

44.

3801

Artificial Graphite; colloidal or semi-colloidal graphite; preparations based on graphite or other carbon in form of pastes, blocks, plates or other semi- manufactures

7.5%

2.5%

45.

3808 93 30

Gibberellic acid

10%

5%

46.

3904

Polymers of vinyl chloride or of other halogenated olefins, in primary forms

10%

7.5%

47.

4906

Plans and drawings for architectural, engineering, industrial, commercial, topographical or similar purposes, being originals drawn by hand; hand-written texts; photographic reproductions on sensitised paper and carbon copies of the foregoing

10%

Nil

48.

5201 00 25

Other cotton of staple length exceeding 32.0 mm

5%

Nil

49.

7202 60 00

Ferro-nickel

2.5%

Nil

50.

7402 00 10

Blister copper

5%

Nil

51.

7802

Lead waste and scrap

5%

Nil

52.

7902

Zinc waste and scrap

5%

Nil

53.

8105 20 30

Cobalt powders

5%

Nil

54.

8419 89 12, 8419 89 13, 8419 89 14, 8419 89 15, 8419 89 16, 8419 89 17, 8419 89 19

Reactors, columns or towers or chemical storage tanks

10%

7.5%

NEW TARIFF LINES HAVE BEEN CREATED

S. No.

Chapter/ heading/sub- heading/tariff item mentioned in notification

Commodity

New tariff item being created w.e.f. 01.05.2026

Rate of duty

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

55.

0306 19 00

Krill, frozen

0306 19 10

15%

56.

0802 99 00

Pecan Nuts

0802 99 10

30%

57.

0810 40 00

Cranberries, fresh

0810 40 10

10%

58.

0810 40 00

Blueberries, fresh

0810 40 20

10%

59.

0811 90

Cranberries, frozen

0811 90 11 0811 90 91

10%

60.

0811 90

Blueberries, frozen

0811 90 12 0811 90 92

10%

61.

0813 40 90

Cranberries, dried

0813 40 30

10%

62.

0813 40 90

Blueberries, dried

0813 40 40

10%

63.

1207 99 90

Shea Nuts

1207 99 50

15%

64.

2008 93 00

Cranberries, otherwise prepared or preserved, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or spirit, not elsewhere specified or included

2008 93 10

5%

65.

2008 99

Blueberries, otherwise prepared or preserved, whether or not containing added sugar or other sweetening matter or spirit, not elsewhere specified or included

2008 99 15

10%

66.

2106 90

Other than compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for manufacture of beverages, of an alcoholic strength by volume exceeding 0.5% vol., determined at 20 degrees centigrade

2106 90 (other than 2106 90 51)

50%

67.

2202 99

Cranberry products

2202 99 21, 2202 99 31, 2202 99 91

10%

68.

2529 22 00

Acid grade fluorspar containing by weight more than 97% of calcium fluoride

2529 22 10

2.5%

69.

2615 90

Hafnium ores and concentrates

2615 10 10

Nil

70.

2841

Ammonium metavanadate

2841 90 10

2.5%

71.

29

Gibberellic acid

2932 20 40

5%

72.

29

Triethyl orthoformate

2915 90 96

5%

73.

29

Diethyl malonate

2917 19 22

5%

74.

29

DL-2 Aminobutanol

2922 19 30

5%

75.

29

Aceto butyrolactone

2932 20 50

5%

76.

29

Artemisinin

2932 99 30

5%

77.

29

Thymidine

2934 99 50

5%

78.

3302 10

Mixtures of odoriferous substances of a kind used in food or drink industries other than compound alcoholic preparations of a kind used for manufacture of beverages, of an alcoholic strength by volume exceeding 0.5% vol., determined at 20 degrees centigrade

3302 10 19, 3302 10 99

10%

79.

4104 11 00, 4104 19 00, 4105 10 00, 4106 21 00, 4106 31 00, 4106 91 00

Wet blue leather (hides and skin)

4104 11 10, 4104 19 10, 4105 10 10, 4106 21 10, 4106 31 10, 4106 91 10

Nil

80.

4702

Rayon grade wood pulp

4702 00 10

2.5%

81.

4823 90 90

All goods other than kites

4823 90 90 (kites fall under new tariff item 4823 90 40)

10%

82.

8101 99 90

Tungsten (wolfram) bars and rods, other than those obtained simply by sintering, profiles, plates, sheets, strip and foil

8101 99 20

5%

83.

8415 90 00

All goods other than indoor or outdoor units of split-system air conditioner

8415 90 90

10%

84.

8421 99 00

All goods other than Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane element for household type filters

8421 99 90

7.5%

85.

8507 90

Battery separators

8507 90 20

5%

86.

8529 10 99, 8529 90 90

Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the apparatus of headings 8525, 8526 or 8527

8529 10 93, 8529 90 30

10%

87.

8609 00 00

Refrigerated containers

8609 00 10

5%

(b) In addition to the above, the First Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 has also been amended to create new tariff items which will, inter-alia, help in better product identification; getting actual transaction data of precursor chemicals and help in their effective monitoring; facilitating, tracking exports and deciding policy measures for plant-based extract products. These changes will be effective from 1.05.2026, unless otherwise specified.

 


Full Text:

Union Budget 2026-27 - Finance Bill, 2026

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Acts Income Tax