Carry-forward restrictions on losses after ownership or constitution changes limit tax benefits from strategic restructuring.
Clause 119 restricts carry forward and set off of losses after changes in firm constitution, business succession by non-inheritance successors, and corporate shareholding changes unless continuity of beneficial voting power is maintained. It permits an exception for start-ups where all original shareholders retain their shares and losses occurred within the first ten years, and enumerates exceptions (death, gifts to relatives, specified amalgamations/demergers, approved insolvency resolution plans) while defining terms relevant for application.

Loss carryforward restrictions: ownership or constitution changes can bar set-off unless continuity conditions and specified exceptions apply.
Clause 119 conditions the permissibility of carrying forward and setting off past losses where ownership or constitution changes occur: it denies set-off for losses attributable to retired or deceased partners upon firm reconstitution, disallows successors (other than by inheritance) from using predecessor losses, and restricts non-public companies from setting off prior losses after shareholding changes unless continuity conditions including original beneficial owner control or start-up safeguards are met; specified exceptions and ongoing compliance requirements are provided.