Lower TCS certificates permit reduced collection when taxpayer income justifies it, with mandatory certified issuance and electronic processes.
Clause 395(3) permits buyers, licensees or lessees to apply to the Assessing Officer for collection of tax at a lower rate where the AO is satisfied that the applicant's total income justifies lower collection; the AO issues a certificate specifying the reduced rate and validity, subject to rules and to cancellation after hearing. Clause 395(4) requires every person deducting or collecting tax to issue a certificate to the deductee or collectee specifying the amount, rate and other prescribed particulars within prescribed timelines, with electronic issuance anticipated.

TDS/TCS certificate obligation requires deductors and collectors to issue prescribed certificates enabling tax credit and digital reporting.
Clause 395(4) requires every person deducting or collecting tax at source to issue a certificate to the deductee/collectee specifying the amount of tax deducted or collected, the rate, and any other prescribed particulars within a prescribed period; employers who pay tax on behalf of employees must similarly furnish a certificate confirming payment to the Central Government. The clause covers both TDS and TCS, delegates format and timing to subordinate rules, and anticipates digital and harmonized implementation while leaving rectification, duplicate issuance and penalty mechanics to rules.

Lower Deduction Certificates: streamlined TDS/TCS certification requiring AO satisfaction and binding certificate rates.
Clause 395(1) creates a mechanism for Lower Deduction Certificates allowing taxpayers to apply for lower or nil deduction of tax at source; the Assessing Officer must issue a certificate when satisfied on objective material, the deductor must apply the specified rate until the certificate's validity, and procedural details, scope, validity periods and ancillary measures are to be provided by rules.