Significant economic presence expands source taxation, bringing digital interactions and remote services within the domestic tax net.
Section 9 sets an expansive source taxation rule deeming income to accrue or arise domestically where linked to domestic assets, a business connection (including agents), transfers of capital assets situated domestically, salary earned or payable for services linked to domestic performance, dividends of domestic companies, interest subject to exceptions (including separate taxation of interest of an Indian permanent establishment of a foreign bank), and royalty and technical fees; it introduces significant economic presence tests for digital/user-based connections and leaves key thresholds and valuation mechanics to subordinate rules.