Unsecured Loan Evidence Shifts Revenue Burden, While Late Employees' PF/ESI Deposits Remain Non-Deductible for Tax Purposes

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....Under section 68, an assessee initially establishes unsecured loan credits by proving creditor identity, transaction genuineness and prima facie creditworthiness. Confirmations, tax particulars, bank statements and ledger accounts showing banking-channel transactions shift the burden to the Revenue. Low lender income, cash deposits before cheques or incomplete records may warrant further inquiry but do not alone displace that evidence; continuing accounts and banking-channel repayments support genuineness. The unsecured-loan addition was therefore deleted. Employees' PF/ESI contributions are deductible only when deposited within the due date under the relevant welfare legislation; payment before the income-tax return filing due date does not cure the delay. The related disallowance was sustained.....