Crystallisation of liability: business expenses deductible in the year liability arises even if paid later, given business purpose.

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....The note addresses tax deductibility of business expenses where liability crystallises in the relevant previous year but payment occurs later. It states the principle that expenses incurred wholly and exclusively for business are deductible in the year the liability crystallised; subsequent payment does not defeat deduction if records show liability and tax deducted at source. Applying this to compression and blasting expenses, the author concludes these expenses were business-related, liability had crystallised in the relevant previous year, and therefore deduction for the assessment year was justified.....