Permanent establishment: interest on an income-tax refund treated as treaty interest, capped at a 15% source tax if no PE.

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....The note addresses whether interest received on an income-tax refund from India is taxable in India when earned by a non-resident, focusing on permanent establishment (PE) and treaty relief. Applying the principle that PE must be assessed in the year of receipt, the tribunal followed prior precedent and concluded the assessee had no PE in India and thus could claim DTAA treatment for interest; where the beneficial owner is a resident of the other contracting state the treaty caps source-state tax at 15% of gross interest. The tribunal noted alignment with earlier high court and apex court decisions in reaching this outcome.....