Tax Treaty Relief upheld: nil-rate certificate ordered, with procedural directions for future applications and PE findings.

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....Application for a certificate at nil tax rate was directed to be granted on treaty-based grounds, holding that the competent authority must decide under domestic law while giving due regard to the India-USA tax treaty and must not be driven by revenue targets; the impugned refusal was quashed and a nil-rate certificate ordered within 15 days. Future-year certificates must be issued within 30 days of application unless the authority records a finding of a Permanent Establishment after issuing notice; applicants must disclose all material facts and cooperate with any PE inquiry.....