TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
2026 (2) TMI 444
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....ntelligence regarding undervaluation in imports of furniture and furniture parts. It was believed that large number of importers had formed a cartel and indulged in large scale evasion of customs duty by undervaluation and mis-declaration of the goods. The allegations of mis-declaration and undervaluation of furniture and furniture parts was based mainly on the printouts of emails and statements of persons recorded under section 108 of the Customs Act. 3. It would, therefore, have to be seen whether the statements recorded under section 108 of the Customs Act can be considered as relevant if the procedure contemplated under section 138B of the Customs Act has not been followed. 4. The appeal was heard on two issues relating to the applicability of section 138B and section 138C of the Customs Act. Section 138B of the Customs Act 5. The Commissioner (Appeals) has relied upon statements made by the appellant under section 108 of the Customs Act to record a finding regarding mis-declaration and under-valuation of the goods, but these statements were retracted by the appellant in his replies. 6. Section 108 of the Customs Act deals with power....
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....n that having regard to the circumstances of the case, the statement should be admitted in evidence, in the interests of justice, except where the person who tendered the statement is dead or cannot be found. In view of the provisions of subsection (2) of section 138B of the Customs Act, the provisions of subsection (1) of the Customs Act shall apply to any proceedings under the Customs Act as they apply in relation to proceedings before a Court. What, therefore, follows is that a person who makes a statement during the course of an inquiry has to be first examined as a witness before the adjudicating authority and thereafter the adjudicating authority has to form an opinion whether having regard to the circumstances of the case the statement should be admitted in evidence, in the interests of justice. Once this determination regarding admissibility of the statement of a witness is made by the adjudicating authority, the statement will be admitted as an evidence and an opportunity of cross-examination of the witness is then required to be given to the person against whom such statement has been made. It is only when this procedure is followed that the statements of the persons maki....
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....Act. It was sought to be contended by the Writ Petitioners that the demand had been confirmed in flagrant violation of the mandatory provisions of section 9D of the Central Excise Act. The High Court held that if none of the circumstances contemplated by clause (a) of section 9D(1) exist, then clause (b) of section 9D(1) comes into operation and this provides for two steps to be followed. The first is that the person who made the statement has to be examined as a witness before the adjudicating authority. In the second stage, the adjudicating authority has to form an opinion, having regard to the circumstances of the case, whether the statement should be admitted in evidence in the interests of justice. The judgment further holds that in adjudication proceedings, the stage of relevance of a statement recorded before Officers would arise only after the statement is admitted in evidence by the adjudicating authority in accordance with the procedure contemplated in section 9D(1)(b) of the Central Excise Act. The judgment also highlights the reason why such an elaborative procedure has been provided in section 9D(1) of the Central Excise Act. It notes that a statement recorded during i....
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....ve to be recorded as mandatory. 24. The rationale behind the above precaution contained in clause (b) of Section 9D(1) is obvious. The statement, recorded during inquiry/ investigation, by the gazetted Central Excise Officer, has every chance of having been recorded under coercion or compulsion. It is a matter of common knowledge that, on many occasions, the DRI/DGCEI resorts to compulsion in order to extract confessional statements. It is obviously in order to neutralize this possibility that, before admitting such a statement in evidence, clause (b) of Section 9D(1) mandates that the evidence of the witness has to be recorded before the adjudication authority, as, in such an atmosphere, there would be no occasion for any trepidation on the part of the witness concerned. 25. Clearly, therefore, the stage of relevance, in adjudication proceedings, of the statement, recorded before a gazetted Central Excise Officer during inquiry or investigation, would arise only after the statement is admitted in evidence in accordance with the procedure prescribed in clause (b) of Section 9D(1). The rigour of this procedure is exempted only in a case in which one or more of the ....
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....statement of the Director of the Company who is said to have admitted clandestine removal of goods. The contention of the appellant before the High Court was that the statement of the Director could be admitted in evidence only in accordance with the provisions of section 9D of the Central Excise Act. After examining the provisions of sub-sections (1) and (2) of section 9D of the Central Excise Act, and after placing reliance on the judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court in Ambika International, the Chhattisgarh High Court held: "9.3 A conjoint reading of the provisions therefore reveals that a statement made and signed by a person before the Investigation Officer during the course of any inquiry or proceedings under the Act shall be relevant for the purposes of proving the truth of the facts which it contains in case other than those covered in clause (a), only when the person who made the statement is examined as witness in the case before the court (in the present case, Adjudicating Authority) and the court (Adjudicating Authority) forms an opinion that having regard to the circumstances of the case, the statement should be admitted in the evidence, in the ....
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....officer as well as Customs, Excise and Service Tax Appellate Tribunal committed illegality in placing reliance upon the statement of Director Narayan Prasad Tekriwal which was recorded during investigation when his examination before the adjudicating authority in the proceedings instituted upon show cause notice was not recorded nor formation of an opinion that it requires to be admitted in the interest of justice. In taking this view, we find support from the decision in the case of Ambica International v. UOI rendered by the High Court of Punjab and Haryana." (emphasis supplied) 12. In Additional Director General (Adjudication) vs. Its My Name Pvt. Ltd. [2021 (375) E.L.T. 545 (Del.)] decided on 01.06.2020, the Delhi High Court examined the provisions of sections 108 and 138B of the Customs Act. The department placed reliance upon the statements recorded under section 108 of the Customs Act. The Delhi High Court held that the procedure contemplated under section 138B(1)(b) has to be followed before the statements recorded under section 108 of the Customs Act can be considered as relevant. The relevant paragraphs of the judgment of the Delhi High Court are reproduced below:&n....
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....elow: "14. Evidently, the statements will be relevant under certain circumstances and these are given in clauses (a) and (b) of subsection (1). There is no assertion by either side that the circumstances indicated in (a) existed in the case. It leaves us with (b) which requires the court or the adjudicating authority to first examine the person who made the statement and form an opinion that having regard to the circumstances of the case, the statement should be admitted in evidence. Of course, the party adversely affected by the statement will have to be given an opportunity to cross examine the person who made the statement but that comes only after the statement is, in the first place, after examination by the adjudicating authority, admitted in evidence. This has not been done in respect of any of the 35 statements. Therefore, all the statements are not relevant to the proceedings. 15. It has been held in a catena of judgments including Jindal Drugs Pvt. Ltd. versus Union Of India [2016 (340) E.L.T. 67 (P&H)] that section 9D is a mandatory provision and if the procedure prescribed therein is not followed, statements cannot be used as evidence in the proc....
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.... conditions referred to in sub-section (1) in respect of a computer print out shall be the following, namely:- (a) the computer print out containing the statement was produced by the computer during the period over which the computer was used regularly to store or process information for the purposes of any activities regularly carried on over that period by the person having lawful control over the use of the computer; (b) during the said period, there was regularly supplied to the computer in the ordinary course of the said activities, information of the kind contained in the statement or of the kind from which the information so contained is derived; (c) throughout the material part of the said period, the computer was operating properly or, if not, then any respect in which it was not operating properly or was out of operation during that part of that period was not such as to affect the production of the document or the accuracy of the contents; and (d) the information contained in the statement reproduces or is derived from information supplied to the computer in the ordinary course of the said activities. (3) Where over any period....
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.... stored or processed for the purposes of those activities by a computer operated otherwise than in the course of those activities, that information, if duly supplied to that computer, shall be taken to be supplied to it in the course of those activities; (c) a document shall be taken to have been produced by a computer whether it was produced by it directly or (with or without human intervention) by means of any appropriate equipment. Explanation- For the purposes of this section,- (a) "computer" means any device that receives, stores, and processes data, applying stipulated processes to the information and supplying results of these processes; and (b) any reference to information being derived from other information shall be a reference to its being derived therefrom by calculation, comparison or any other process." 17. A perusal of the order passed by the Commissioner (Appeals) shows that though a specific ground was taken by the appellant that the provisions of section 138C of the Customs Act had not been complied with, but no finding was recorded by the Commissioner (Appeals) regarding compliance of section 138C of the Customs Act. In the ....