TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
2015 (3) TMI 619
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... the aforesaid judgment in Pine Grove has been followed. 3. The facts necessary to understand the controversy in the two income tax appeals before the Uttarakhand High Court, Nainital, may be gleaned from the facts of one of them, namely, the Queen's Educational Society case. The appellant filed its return for assessment years 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 showing a net surplus of Rs. 6,58,862/- and Rs. 7,82,632/- respectively. Since the appellant was established with the sole object of imparting education, it claimed exemption under Section 10(23C) (iiiad) of the Income Tax Act, 1961. The Assessing Officer vide its order dated 20th February, 2003 rejected the exemption claimed by the appellant. The CIT (Appeals) by its order dated 28th March, 2003 allowed the appellant's appeal, and the ITAT, Delhi, by its judgment dated 7th July, 2006 passed an order dismissing the appeal preferred by the revenue. In a reference to the High Court under Section 260A of the Income Tax Act, the High Court vide the impugned judgment set aside the judgment of the ITAT and affirmed the order of the Assessing Officer. 4. These appeals from the Uttarakhand High Court, Nainital, concern themselves with th....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....bound to succeed. For that reason, the revenue's appeal against the Punjab and Haryana High Court judgment should be dismissed. Counsel for the revenue, on the other hand, attempted to support the Uttarakhand High Court judgment by stating that the Section does not contemplate the making of large profits. If an educational institution in fact makes large profits then even though it may plough such profits back into the purchase of assets for education, yet such institution cannot be said to be existing solely for educational purposes. It would then become an institution which would really be for profit. 8. In CIT v. Surat Art Silk Cloth Manufacturers' Assn., (1980) 121 ITR 1, this Court while construing the definition of "charitable purpose" in Section 2(15) of the Income Tax Act held: "17. The next question that arises is as to what is the meaning of the expression "activity for profit". Every trust or institution must have a purpose for which it is established and every purpose must for its accomplishment involve the carrying on of an activity. The activity must, however, be for profit in order to attract the exclusionary clause and the question therefore is when ....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....hem namely, the newspaper industry which while running its concern on commercial lines can claim that by circulating newspapers it was improving the general knowledge of the public. In order to prevent the misuse of this definition in such cases, the Select Committee felt that the words 'not involving the carrying on of any activity for profit' should be added to the definition." It is obvious that the exclusionary clause was added with a view to overcoming the decision of the Privy Council in the Tribune case [AIR 1939 PC 208 : In Re the Trustees of the Tribune, (1939) 7 ITR 415] where it was held that the object of supplying the community with an organ of educated public opinion by publication of a newspaper was an object of general public utility and hence charitable in character, even though the activity of publication of the newspaper was carried on commercial lines with the object of earning profit. The publication of the newspaper was an activity engaged in by the trust for the purpose of carrying out its charitable purpose and on the facts it was clearly an activity which had profit making as its predominant object, but even so it was held by the Judicial Committee that ....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....rnal for the purpose of carrying out this charitable object and charges a small price which is more than the cost of the publication and leaves a little profit, would it deprive the Gandhi Peace Foundation of its charitable character? The pricing of the monthly journal would undoubtedly be made in such a manner that it leaves some profit for the Gandhi Peace Foundation, as, indeed, would be done by any prudent and wise management, but that cannot have the effect of polluting the charitable character of the purpose, because the predominant object of the activity of publication of the monthly journal would be to carry out the charitable purpose by propagating Gandhian thought and philosophy and not to make profit or in other words, profit making would not be the driving force behind this activity. But it is possible that in a given case the degree or extent of profit making may be of such a nature as to reasonably lead to the inference that the real object of the activity is profit making and not serving the charitable purpose. If, for example, in the illustration given by us, it is found that the publication of the monthly journal is carried on wholly on commercial lines and the pri....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... negatived .... A pragmatic condition, written or unwritten, proved by a prescription of profits or by long years, of invariable practice or spelt from some strong surrounding circumstances indicative of anti-profit motivation - such a condition will qualify for charitable purpose." Now we entirely agree with the learned Judges who decided these two cases that activity involved in carrying out the charitable purpose must not be motivated by a profit objective but it must be undertaken for the purpose of advancement or carrying out of the charitable purpose. But we find it difficult to accept their thesis that whenever an activity is carried on which yields profit, the inference must necessarily be drawn, in the absence of some indication to the contrary, that the activity is for profit and the charitable purpose involves the carrying on of an activity for profit. We do not think the Court would be justified in drawing any such inference merely because the activity results in profit. It is in our opinion not at all necessary that there must be a provision in the constitution of the trust or institution that the activity shall be carried on no profit no loss basis or that profit shal....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... from the activity. That, it is not possible to carry on educational activity in such a way that the expenditure exactly balances the income and there is no resultant profit, for, to achieve this, would not only be difficult of practical realisation but would reflect unsound principles of management. In order to ascertain whether the institute is carried on with the object of making profit or not it is the duty of the prescribed authority to ascertain whether the balance of income is applied wholly and exclusively to the objects for which the applicant is established. 30. In deciding the character of the recipient, it is not necessary to look at the profits of each year, but to consider the nature of the activities undertaken in India. If the Indian activity has no correlation with education, exemption has to be denied (see judgment of this Court in Oxford University Press [(2001) 3 SCC 359 : (2001) 247 ITR 658] ). Therefore, the character of the recipient of income must have character of educational institution in India to be ascertained from the nature of the activities. If after meeting expenditure, surplus remains incidentally from the activity carried on by the educat....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....ds "application of income to the objects for which the institution is established". Therefore, the twelfth proviso is the matter of detail. The most relevant proviso for deciding this appeal is the thirteenth proviso. Under that proviso, the circumstances are given under which the PA is empowered to withdraw the approval earlier granted. Under that proviso, if the PA is satisfied that the trust, fund, university or other educational institution, etc. has not applied its income in accordance with the third proviso or if it finds that such institution, trust or fund, etc. has not invested/deposited its funds in accordance with the third proviso or that the activities of such fund or institution or trust, etc. are not genuine or that its activities are not being carried out in accordance with the conditions subject to which approval is granted then the PA is empowered to withdraw the approval earlier granted after complying with the procedure mentioned therein. 33. Having analysed the provisos to Section 10(23- C)(vi) one finds that there is a difference between stipulation of conditions and compliance therewith. The threshold conditions are actual existence of an educational....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....stt. Year 2000-01 and 2001-02, the excess of income over expenditure stood at Rs. 6,58,862/- and Rs. 7,82,632/- respectively. It was also noticed that the appellant society had made investment in fixed assets including building at Rs. 9,52,010/- in F.Y. 1999-2000 and Rs. 8,47,742/- in FY 2000-01 relevant for Asstt. Years 2000-01 and 2001-02 respectively. Thus, if the amount of investment into fixed assets such as building, furniture and fixture etc. were also kept in view, there was hardly any surplus left..... The assessee society is undoubtedly engaged in imparting education and has to maintain a teaching and non teaching staff and has to pay for their salaries and other incidental expenses. It, therefore, becomes necessary to charge certain fee from the students for meeting all these expenses. The charging of fee is incidental to the prominent objective of the trust i.e. imparting education. The trust was initially running the school in a rented building and the surplus, i.e. the excess of the receipts over expenditure. In the year under appeal (and in the earlier appeals) has enabled the appellant to acquire its own property, acquire computers, library books, sports eq....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... circumstances of the case." 15. It is clear that the High Court did not apply its mind independently. What has been copied is one paragraph from the Supreme Court judgment in Aditanar followed by a paragraph of faulty reasoning by the Assessing Officer and the said faulty reasoning of the Assessing Officer has been wrongly said to be the law laid down by the Apex Court. 16. Further, the Supreme Court Judgment in Municipal Corpn. of Delhi v. Children Book Trust and Safdarjung Enclave Educational Society, (1992) 3 SCC 390 has then been followed. The aforesaid judgment dealt with a property tax provision, namely, Section 115 (4) of the Delhi Municipal Corporation Act, 1957. Three questions were raised in the said judgment as follows:- "56. In the present case, the questions which arise for our determination are: (i) Whether the society or body is occupying and using the land and building for a charitable purpose within the meaning of sub-section (4)? (ii) What is the meaning of the expression "supported wholly or in part by voluntary contribution"? (iii) Whether any trade or business is carried on in the premises within the meaning of sub-sec....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....dered in the context of whether an educational society is supported wholly or in part by voluntary contributions, something which is completely foreign to Section 10(23C) (iiiad). The final conclusion that if a surplus is made by an educational society and ploughed back to construct its own premises would fall foul of Section 10(23C) is to ignore the language of the Section and to ignore the tests laid down in the Surat Art Silk Cloth case, Aditanar case and the American Hotel and Lodging case. It is clear that when a surplus is ploughed back for educational purposes, the educational institution exists solely for educational purposes and not for purposes of profit. In fact, in S.RM.M.CT.M. Tiruppani Trust v. Commissioner of Income Tax, (1998) 2 SCC 584, this Court in the context of benefit claimed under Section 11 of the Act held: "9. In the present case, the assessee is not claiming any benefit under Section 11(2) as it cannot; because in respect of this assessment year, the assessee has not complied with the conditions laid down in Section 11(2). The assessee, however, is entitled to claim the benefit of Section 11(1)(a). In the present case, the assessee has applied Rs.....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....not intentionally generated. If, however, profits continue year after year than it cannot be said that the surplus is arising incidentally. 7. In the present ease, the profits are substantial and are arising year alter year and therefore, the decision of the Apex Court in the case of Aditanar Education Institution v. Addl. Commissioner of Income Tax as well as the decision of the Hon'ble Uttrakhand High Court is applicable. 8. Exemption u/s 10(23C)(vi) is not available to the assessee under the law in view of the above facts and circumstances and therefore, exemption already granted vide order dated 4th June, 2007 is hereby withdrawn. 9. The assessee is at liberty to reduce the fees being charged and price of its services and apply afresh, in which case the application will be duly considered on merits." 21. It is these orders that were set aside by the judgment of the Punjab and Haryana High Court impugned by the Revenue before us. 22. Section 10(23C)(vi) read with the 3rd and 13th provisos thereto and Section 11(5) of the Income Tax Act are as follows:- "Section 10- Incomes not included in total income.-In computing the total income o....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....s received and maintained in the form of jewellery, furniture or any other article as the Board may, by notification in the Official Gazette, specify, for any period during the previous year otherwise than in any one or more of the forms or modes specified in sub-section (5) of Section 11: Provided also that where the fund or institution referred to in sub-clause (iv) or trust or institution referred to in sub-clause (v) is notified by the Central Government or any university or other educational institution referred to in subclause (vi) or any hospital or other medical institution referred to in sub-clause (vi-a), is approved by the prescribed authority and subsequently that Government or the prescribed authority is satisfied that- (i) such fund or institution or trust or any university or other educational institution or any hospital or other medical institution has not,- (A) applied its income in accordance with the provisions contained in clause (a) of the third proviso; or (B) invested or deposited its funds in accordance with the provisions contained in clause(b) of the third proviso; or (ii) the activities of such fund or....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... 1963 (52 of 1963); (v) investment in any security for money created and issued by the Central Government or a State Government; (vi) investment in debentures issued by, or on behalf of, any company or corporation both the principal whereof and the interest whereon are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by the Central Government or by a State Government; (vii) investment or deposit in any public sector company: [Provided that where an investment or deposit in any public sector company has been made and such public sector company ceases to be a public sector company,- (A) such investment made in the shares of such company shall be deemed to be an investment made under this clause for a period of three years from the date on which such public sector company ceases to be a public sector company; (B) such other investment or deposit shall be deemed to be an investment or deposit made under this clause for the period up to the date on which such investment or deposit becomes repayable by such company;]. (viii) deposits with or investment in any bonds issued by a financial corporation which is engaged in providing long-term....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
.... as, the case before the Uttrakhand High Court pertained to Section 10(23C)(iiiad) of the Act. The third proviso to Section 10(23C)(vi) is not applicable to the cases falling within the purview of Section 10(23C)(iiiad). Secondly, the judgment rendered by the Uttarkhand High Court runs contrary to the provisions of Section 10(23C)(vi) of the Act including the provisos thereunder. Section 10(23C)(vi) of the Act is equivalent to the provisions of Section 10(22) existing earlier, which were introduced with effect from 1st April, 1999 and it ignores the speech of the Finance Minister made before the introduction of the said provisions, namely. Section 10(23C) of the Act [See observations in American Hotel and Lodging Association Educational Institute's case (supra)]. Thirdly, the Uttrakhand High Court has not appreciated correctly the ratio of the judgment rendered by Hon'ble the Supreme Court in the case of Aditanar Educational Institution(supra) and while applying the said judgment including the judgment which had been rendered by Hon'ble the Supreme Court in the case of Children Book Trust (supra), it lost sight of the amendment which had been carried out with effect fro....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....e assessments are complete with the finding that there is no contravention of the statutory provisions, need not be reopened. However, alter grant of approval if it comes to the notice of the prescribed authority that the conditions on which approval was given, have been violated or the circumstances mentioned in 13th proviso exists, then by following the procedure envisaged in 13th proviso, the prescribed authority can withdraw the approval. (3) The capital expenditure wholly and exclusively to the objects of education is entitled to exemption and would not constitute part of the total income. (4) The educational institutions, which are registered as a Society, would continue to retain their character as such and would be eligible to apply for exemption under Section 10(23C)(vi) of the Act. [See para 8.7 of the judgment-Aditanar Educational Institution case (supra)] (5) Where more than 15% of income of an educational institution is accumulated on or after 1st April, 2002, the period of accumulation of the amount exceeding 15% is not permissible beyond five years, provided the excess income has been applied or accumulated for application wholly a....
X X X X Extracts X X X X
X X X X Extracts X X X X
....ent of infrastructure. With the advancement of technology, no college or institution can afford to remain stagnant. The Income-tax Act 1961 does not condition the grant of an exemption under Section 10(23C) on the requirement that a college must maintain the status-quo, as it were, in regard to its knowledge based infrastructure. Nor for that matter is an educational institution prohibited from upgrading its infrastructure on educational facilities save on the pain of losing the benefit of the exemption under Section 10(23C). Imposing such a condition which is not contained in the statute would lead to a perversion of the basic purpose for which such exemptions have been granted to educational institutions. Knowledge in contemporary times is technology driven. Educational institutions have to modernise, upgrade and respond to the changing ethos of education. Education has to be responsive to a rapidly evolving society. The provisions of Section 10(23C) cannot be interpreted regressively to deny exemptions. So long as the institution exists solely for educational purposes and not for profit, the test is met." 25. We approve the judgments of the Punjab and Haryana, Delhi ....