AI Drafter 
TaxTMI 
TaxTMI 
2014 (12) TMI 268
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....Section 2(ee) of the Citizenship Act, 1955, he having obtained registration as an overseas citizen of India in terms of Section 7A of the Citizenship Act, 1955. On arrival at Cochin Airport, after emigration formalities were completed, he walked through the green channel. The petitioner has averred that after he walked through the green channel, a person in plain clothes who identified himself as an officer of the Customs intercepted him, executed a search on his person and asked him to remove the gold chain he was wearing and declared that he is taking it into custody for contravention of the customs laws. The petitioner has further averred that though very many other passengers were wearing gold ornaments and jewellery, he alone was taken to the Air intelligence Office Unit within the airport and made to sign on a typed sheet of paper purporting to be a statement made by him under Section 108 of the Customs Act, 1962 (hereinafter referred to as "the Act" for short). A copy of the said statement is on record as Ext. P2. The writ petition proceeds to state that he was thereafter served with a copy of Ext. P3 order passed by the second respondent ordering confiscation of the gold ch....
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....otifications relate to import of gold into India by a passenger of Indian origin or holding a valid passport issued under the Passports Act, 1967 in a baggage and not to gold ornaments worn by incoming passengers and for that reason also, confiscation of the gold chain worn by him is illegal and liable to be interfered with. He has also averred that he was not given a reasonable opportunity to show cause why the gold chain should not be confiscated and though several other passengers were wearing gold ornaments, he alone was subjected to punitive action and discriminated against. The petitioner has in Ground "C" of the writ petition contended that the Baggage Rules, 1998 have no application to the instant case for the reason that the confiscated gold chain was worn by him and was not carried in a baggage. 4. I heard Sri Aswin Gopakumar, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner, Sri John Varghese, learned Senior Counsel for Central Board of Excise and Customs, who took notice when the writ petition first came up for admission hearing before me on 5-3-2014. Sri Aswin Gopakumar, learned counsel appearing for the petitioner contended that Notification No. 117/92, dated 1-3-1992 ....
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.... 772 = 2010 (253) E.L.T. 3 (S.C.)], the learned counsel for the respondents contended that when alternative statutory remedies are available, this Court should not entertain a writ petition under Article 226 of the Constitution of India; that where the right or liability is created by a statute which gives a special remedy for enforcing it, the remedy provided by the statute alone must be availed of and therefore on that short ground, the instant writ petition is liable to be dismissed. 6. I have considered the submissions made at the Bar by the learned counsel appearing on either side. I have also gone through the pleadings and the materials on record. Ext. P2 statement purporting to be one given by the petitioner before the Superintendent of Customs, Air Intelligence Unit, Cochin International Airport, Nedumbassery on 22-2-2014 conclusively establishes the fact that the gold chain was recovered from his person. The statement does not contain an admission by the petitioner to the effect that it was concealed by him in his body or in a baggage. There is also no such finding in Ext. P3 order. The finding is only to the effect that on personal search (PS) it was obtained. Ext. P2 ....
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.... in the record of personal hearing and findings set out in Ext. P3, stated as follows : "Heard the passenger. He stated that he is a Sri Lankan National and not married. He is indulging in textile business. He smuggles in gold ornaments to India and buys textiles from India for sale in Colombo. He knows that he is a foreigner who is not entitled to bring in one gram of gold ornament free of duty or on payment and the gold chain of 24 carat brought by him was for sale in India to make a profit. He wanted to take a lenient view." 8. The finding entered by the second respondent in Ext. P3 is as follows :- "I have gone through the records. I find that the passenger is a foreigner who is not entitled to import even a single gram of gold free of duty or on payment of duty. The gold chain attempted to be smuggled by him is crude and is of 24 carat purity. He requested for a lenient view but I take the following decision." (emphasis supplied) 9. The operative portion of Ext. P3 order reads as follows : "I order absolute confiscation of 84.000 gms of gold valued at Rs. 2,55,360/- listed at Sl. No. 3 of pre-page under Section 111(d), (i), (l) & (m) o....
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....rred to in the proviso to sub-section (1) of Section 54. xxxx xxxx xxxx 13. Clause (d) of Section 111 of the Act stipulates that any goods which are imported or attempted to be imported or are brought within the Indian customs waters for the purpose of being imported, contrary to any prohibition imposed by or under the Act or any other law for the time being in force, shall be liable to confiscation. Clause (i) of Section 111 of the Act stipulates that any dutiable or prohibited goods found concealed in any manner in any package either before or after the unloading thereof are also likewise liable to confiscation. Clause (l) of Section 111 of the Act stipulates that any dutiable or prohibited goods which are not included or are in excess of those included in the entry made under the Act, or in the case of baggage in the declaration made under Section 77 are also liable to confiscation. Clause (m) of Section 111 of the Act stipulates that any goods which do not correspond in respect of value or in any other particular with the entry made under the Act or in the case of baggage with the declaration made under Section 77 in respect thereof or in the case of goods under transship....
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....t takes me to the question whether in the instant case, the gold chain which the petitioner was wearing (such an inference is irresistible on the facts of the case) was liable to be confiscated. The question whether the Baggage Rules, 1998 have any application to gold chain worn by the petitioner also arises for consideration. 15. Section 77 of the Act stipulates that the owner of any baggage shall for the purpose of clearing it make a declaration of its contents to the proper officer. The term "baggage" is defined in Section 2(3) of the Act to include unaccompanied baggage. Motor vehicles are excluded from the purview of the said definition. The declaration under Section 77 is to be made by the owner of the baggage. The term baggage ordinarily connotes suitcases or bags or containers in which a traveller carries his/her goods or belongings. Section 2(22) of the Act defines the term goods to include baggage. Having regard to the stipulations in Section 77 and the definition of the term "baggage" occurring in Section 2(3) of the Act, the body of a passenger cannot be said to be baggage. In the instant case, the gold chain was worn by the petitioner and was not carried in his bagg....
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....he gold chain worn by the petitioner. The gold chain was not concealed in any package and therefore it could not have been confiscated invoking clause (i) of Section 111. Even if it was dutiable, as it was not concealed in any manner in any package either before or after it was unloaded, it could not have been confiscated invoking clause (i) of Section 111 of the Act. At best, only the duty payable could have been levied. There is also yet another reason why the impugned action cannot be sustained. Even assuming for the sake of arguments that a foreign tourist arriving in India cannot wear gold ornaments on his/her person in view of an express provision of law in that regard (such a statutory provision was not brought to my notice and it is not referred to in Ext. P3 order), the respondents should have informed the petitioner that he cannot wear it for the reason that the import of it is prohibited and given him the option of having the goods detained for the purpose of being returned to him on his leaving India as contemplated in Section 80 of the Act. The respondents have not stated in Ext. P3 that such an option was extended to him and therefore for that reason also, the impugne....
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....tated by the second respondent in Ext. P3. Rule 7 of the Baggage Rules, 1998 stipulates that a tourist arriving in India shall be allowed clearance free of duty, articles in his bona fide baggage to the extent mentioned in column (2) of Appendix E. The petitioner is a tourist of foreign origin. This fact is not in dispute. Going by entry (b) in Appendix-E, tourists of foreign origin, other than those of Pakistani origin coming from Pakistan, coming to India by air can be allowed clearance free of duty (i) his or her used personal effects and (ii) articles other than those mentioned in Annexure-I, up to a value of Rs. 8000 for personal use of the tourist or as gifts and travel souvenirs if these are carried on the person or in the accompanied baggage of the passenger. Annexure I referred to in Appendix E is extracted below for easy reference :- 1. Firearms. 2. Cartridges of fire arms exceeding 50. 3. Cigarettes exceeding 200 or cigars exceeding 50 or tobacco exceeding 250 gms. 4. Alcoholic liquor or wines in excess of two litres. 5. Gold or silver, in any form, other than ornaments. 21. The effect of the aforesaid stipulations in Appen....
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....to do, hereby exempts gold, in any form including ornaments (but excluding ornaments studded with stones or pearls), falling under Heading No. 98.03 of the First Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 (51 of 1975), when imported into India by a passenger of Indian origin or a passenger holding a valid passport issued under the Passports Act, 1967 (15 of 1967), as baggage, from so much of the duty of customs leviable thereon which is specified in the First Schedule to the Customs Tariff Act, 1975 (51 of 1975), as is in excess of the amount calculated at the rate of Rs. 450 per ten grams : Provided that :- (i) such passenger is coming to India after a period of not less than six months of stay abroad; and (ii) the duty at the rate specified above shall be paid in convertible foreign currency. Provided further that the exemption contained in this notification shall apply only to a quantity of such gold not exceeding five kilograms per passenger. V.V. HARIHARA, Under Secy. 24. Later, it was superseded by Notification No. 171/94-Cus., dated 30-9-1994, with effect from 1-11-1994. The notification dated 30-9-1994 was superseded by No....
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....r eligible passenger, and (iii) the gold or silver is either carried by the eligible passenger at the time of his arrival in India or is imported by him within fifteen days of his arrival in India. Notwithstanding anything contained above, the exemption under this notification shall also apply to gold or silver taken delivery of by an eligible passenger from a customs bonded warehouse of the State Bank of India or the Minerals and Metals Trading Corporation Ltd., subject to the conditions (i) and (ii) of para 2 above, and subject to further condition that such eligible passenger files a declaration in the prescribed form before the proper officer of customs at the time of his arrival in India declaring his intention to take delivery of the gold or silver from such a customs bonded warehouse and pays the duty leviable thereon before his clearance from customs. Explanation :- For the purposes of this notification, "eligible passenger" means a passenger of Indian origin or a passenger holding a valid passport, issued under the Passports Act, 1967 (15 of 1967), who is coming to India after a period of not less than six months of stay abroad, and short visits,....
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....under contemplate confiscation and levy of penalty as also prosecution, the State has a duty to specify with a degree of certainty as to what is prohibited and what is not, without leaving it to the foreign tourist to guess what is prohibited and what is not. 27. The Apex Court has in Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab [(1994) 3 SCC 569] held that vague laws offend several important values. It was held that it is insisted or emphasised that laws should give the person of ordinary intelligence a reasonable opportunity to know what is prohibited, so that he may act accordingly. The Apex Court also held that vague laws may trap the innocent by not providing fair warning, that such a law impermissibly delegates basic policy matters to policemen and also to judges for resolution on an ad hoc and subjective basis, with the attendant dangers of arbitrary and discriminatory application. The relevant portion of the decision of the Apex Court in Kartar Singh v. State of Punjab [(1994) 3 SCC 569] is extracted below : "130. It is the basic principle of legal jurisprudence that an enactment is void for vagueness if its prohibitions are not clearly defined. Vague laws offend several imp....