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News
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March 25, 2026
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Finance Bill 2026 advances budgetary approval as Lok Sabha passes the measure with government amendments.
Lok Sabha passed the Finance Bill 2026 with 32 government amendments, completing its role in the Budgetary approval process for 2026-27 and sending the Bill to the Rajya Sabha for further consideration. The Budget framework for 2026-27 provides for substantial expenditure and capital outlay, along with projected gross tax revenue, gross borrowing, and a lower fiscal deficit than the current fiscal year.
March 25, 2026
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Annual donor certificate for scientific research requires electronic FORM 16, separate from receipts and subject to deduction conditions.
Prescribed undertakings or institutions covered by section 45(3) must issue FORM 16 as an annual certificate to donors for sums received for scientific research. The certificate is issued once for the relevant tax year, on or before 31 May immediately following that year, and records the aggregate donation, donor particulars, the institution's approval details, and the relevant clause of section 45(3). FORM 16 is distinct from FORM 15, may be corrected or revised, and does not by itself guarantee deduction to the donor.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research donation reporting under Form 15 requires annual filing, donor-wise particulars, and cross-verification of deductions.
Form 15 is a statutory annual information statement for prescribed undertakings or institutions receiving sums for scientific research, social science research or statistical research under the Income-tax Act, 2025. It must be furnished annually by the recipient institution and verified by the person authorised to verify its return of income, on or before 31st May following the relevant tax year. The form captures donor-wise and donation-wise particulars and serves as a primary data source for cross-verification of deductions claimed by donors, without itself conferring any deduction.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research donation reporting under FORM 15 requires annual electronic furnishing by the recipient institution.
FORM 15 is a prescribed annual statement to be furnished by a prescribed undertaking or institution in respect of sums received for scientific research during a tax year. It applies to eligible sums received for scientific, social science or statistical research, and not to charitable donations. The obligation lies with the recipient institution, the statement is to be furnished annually on or before 31st May, and it must include donor-wise particulars, approval details, and receipt information. Non-furnishing or incorrect furnishing may affect the donor's deduction and attract statutory consequences.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D approval under Form 14 conditions tax deduction eligibility and links scientific recognition with compliance oversight.
Proposed Form 14 is the statutory approval order for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. Issued by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research under Rule 29, it records the company's particulars, the facility details, DSIR recognition, and the grant of approval for the deduction framework. The approval is facility-specific, depends on continued DSIR recognition, and does not by itself establish deduction entitlement.
March 25, 2026
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In-house research and development approval governs deduction claims subject to DSIR recognition and statutory compliance.
FORM 14 is the prescribed approval order issued by DSIR for a company's in-house research and development facility under section 45(2) read with Rule 29. It formally grants approval, records the scientific research to be undertaken, links the approval with DSIR recognition and the company's application, and supports a deduction claim subject to compliance with statutory conditions. The form is facility-specific, not a filing form, and may be withdrawn for non-compliance or withdrawal of DSIR recognition.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research and development audit reporting supports deduction claims through mandatory independent certification and account verification.
Proposed FORM 13 is the annual statutory audit report for an approved in-house scientific research and development facility under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is furnished by the company through an independent accountant and provides independent assurance on maintenance of separate accounts, correctness of capital and revenue expenditure, conformity with DSIR guidelines, and linkage with audited financial statements. FORM 13 is a mandatory supporting document for deduction claims and operates with FORM 11, FORM 14 and FORM 12 in the compliance framework.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D audit report defines compliance for deduction claims through separate accounts and certified expenditure.
FORM 13 is the accountant's annual audit report for an approved in-house scientific research and development facility claimed under section 45(2). It certifies maintenance of separate accounts, correctness of expenditure, and conformity with DSIR guidelines, and must be attached with or furnished in support of the company's return of income. The form is a mandatory compliance requirement, but deduction remains subject to verification and assessment.
March 25, 2026
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Research and development deduction reporting through Form 12 supports technical certification, expenditure verification, and compliance oversight.
Proposed Form 12 is the statutory reporting form through which the prescribed authority, acting under Rule 29, submits findings and certification regarding an approved in-house research and development facility to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner of Income-tax. It operates within the compliance framework for deduction of expenditure on approved in-house R&D facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and records evaluation details, eligible expenditure and asset movements for verification of deduction claims.
March 25, 2026
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Research and development deduction reporting through FORM 12 supports verification of eligible expenditure and compliance oversight.
FORM 12 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority under section 45(2) read with Rule 29 for an approved in-house research and development facility. It is filed with the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax and records the facility's examination, recognition status, and eligible capital and revenue expenditure for verifying deduction claims. The form is not filed by the company and does not itself determine final allowability of deduction, which remains subject to departmental verification during processing or assessment.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D facility approval framework under income tax law requires DSIR cooperation, audit compliance, and ongoing reporting.
FORM 11 sets out the statutory application and agreement framework for approval of in-house research and development facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025, read with Rule 29. It applies to eligible companies maintaining or proposing to maintain an in-house R&D facility and requires disclosure of company particulars, a DSIR agreement, and binding undertakings on audit, reporting, asset use, and compliance. Approval is facility-specific and remains subject to continued compliance, with DSIR serving as the prescribed authority for evaluation and oversight.
March 25, 2026
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In-house research and development approval requires disclosure, audit, and ongoing compliance before deduction can be considered.
Form 11 is the prescribed application under Rule 29 for a company seeking to enter into an agreement with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2). It requires disclosure of company particulars, R&D expenditure, facility details, research objectives, and undertakings on maintenance and audit of accounts. The form is generally a one-time approval application, but annual compliance continues through progress reports, audited accounts, and expenditure details. Approval does not itself secure deduction, which depends on statutory conditions, the agreement, and verification.
March 25, 2026
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Statutory reporting for approved scientific research programmes under FORM 10 strengthens tax oversight and compliance monitoring.
Proposed FORM 10 is the statutory reporting form furnished by the prescribed authority to the Income-tax Department for approved scientific research programmes under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It functions as the oversight stage after FORM 7 and FORM 8, linking approvals with departmental monitoring of payments, utilisation and deduction claims. The form is furnished electronically to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner within the prescribed time and records the essential particulars of the approved programme, while not conferring any entitlement on the sponsor or replacing the approval order.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval reporting under tax law supports compliance monitoring, deduction verification, and administrative recordkeeping.
FORM 10 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority in relation to a scientific research programme approved under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is a post-approval monitoring instrument, furnished to the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax having jurisdiction over the sponsor within the prescribed time. The form records approval details, programme particulars, conditions of approval, and supports administrative monitoring, compliance verification, and cross-checking of deduction claims. It does not alter or substitute the approval granted under FORM 8.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research deduction claims depend on programme-specific Form 9 receipts, approval linkage, and statutory compliance requirements.
Form 9 is a statutory receipt for payments made towards an approved scientific research programme and links the payment stage with the approval granted in Form 8 and the sponsor's deduction claim under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is issued by the designated executing institution, records sponsor details, payment particulars, programme information, approved cost, tax years and cumulative receipts, and is programme-specific. The receipt supports but does not itself establish entitlement to deduction, which remains subject to statutory compliance and verification.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Form 9 receipt for approved scientific research payments supports deduction claims and compliance tracking.
Form 9 is the prescribed receipt for payments received towards an approved scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is issued to the sponsor by the executing institution, records the payment against the approved programme in FORM 8, and supports the sponsor's deduction claim subject to compliance with the Act and Rules. The form is programme-specific, may be issued for each payment or tranche including advance payments, and captures the sponsor details, payment particulars, approved cost, approved tax years, and cumulative receipts. It is not filed with the tax department but retained as supporting evidence.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval under tax law requires Form 8, with defined scope, cost, compliance and monitoring conditions.
Form 8 is the statutory approval order for a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and Rule 30. It is issued after examination of a sponsor's Form 7 application, records the approved scope, duration, cost, tax years and conditions of the programme, and is signed by the designated authority. The approval is programme-specific, cost-specific and time-bound, while post-approval compliance includes separate books, audit, reporting, asset restrictions and final completion reporting.
March 25, 2026
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Energy Star ratings shape window air conditioner pricing by raising upfront cost while lowering electricity bills and maintenance.
Energy Star ratings for window air conditioners reflect Bureau of Energy Efficiency standards and indicate how much cooling an AC delivers per unit of electricity consumed. Higher-rated units generally cost more upfront because they use advanced components, smarter controls, and more efficient motors and compressors, but they can lower electricity bills, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. Choosing the right star rating depends on usage patterns, room size, budget, and local electricity tariffs, with energy efficiency affecting both purchase price and long-term ownership cost.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.

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PMLA / Black Money

Delhi court rejects Siddiqui plea for ED’s unrelied documents at pre-cognisance stage

March 27, 2026

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New Delhi, Mar 27 (PTI) A Delhi court on Friday dismissed a plea by Al-Falah group chairman Jawad Ahmad Siddiqui seeking documents not relied upon by the Enforcement Directorate (ED) in its chargesheet, noting that the case is still at the pre-cognisance stage and the investigation remains ongoing.

Additional Sessions Judge Sheetal Chaudhary Pradhan was hearing an application moved by the counsel for the accused seeking a list of additional documents not relied upon by the ED in the chargesheet, but were nevertheless seized during the investigation.

"I do not find any merit in the submissions made on behalf of the accused, and the list of unrelied documents cannot be given at the stage of pre-cognisance and more so considering that the investigation in the present matter is still pending and the same may cause prejudice to the investigation in progress," said the judge in an order dated March 27.

In November 2025, the ED arrested Siddiqui on money laundering charges linked to the cheating of students enrolled in the educational institutions run by his Al-Falah Charitable Trust, and thereafter launched an investigation under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA).

The counsel for the accused sought a list of additional seized documents to ensure full disclosure of all material in the case and to guarantee his right to a fair trial under Article 21.

He submitted that although the accused was granted interim bail on March 7, he remained in the custody of the Crime Branch of the Delhi Police in two separate matters. With his bail applications still pending, the counsel sought information about the additional seized documents to determine if there is any exculpatory evidence which could be filed for the pending bail applications.

The defence counsel placed heavy reliance on the 2025 Supreme Court judgment on Sarala Gupta and Anr. vs ED to substantiate his argument that accused are allowed to access even the seized documents not relied upon by the ED, owing to their right to defend themselves during bail proceedings under the PMLA, where the burden of proof is placed on the accused.

Opposing the plea, the counsel for the prosecution argued that the accused has already been provided with all documents relied upon in the chargesheet, and that disclosure of unrelied documents is permissible only at the post-cognisance stage, in line with the 2025 apex court judgment. He also argued that the investigation is still pending and that disclosing such material at this stage may cause prejudice to the ED.

The judge agreed with the prosecution, as she said," The accused...has been supplied with the entire prosecution complaint alongwith relied upon documents. More so, at the pre-cognisance stage, the list of unrelied documents is not required to be provided".

She disposed of the plea and listed the matter for arguments on the consideration of the ED's chargesheet on April 29.

On March 24, the ED arrested Siddiqui in his second case under PMLA in a new money laundering case linked to fraudulent land acquisition using forged documents.

On February 5, the Crime Branch of Delhi Police arrested Siddiqui on charges of forgery over alleged irregularities in the functioning of a private university.

The Crime Branch case stems from two FIRs alleging that Al-Falah University falsely projected NAAC accreditation and UGC recognition to mislead students and parents.

The ED has alleged that the university generated Rs 415.10 crore between 2018 and 2025 and that funds collected from students were diverted for personal use.

The varsity had also come under scrutiny in a 'white-collar terror' probe in which two doctors linked to it were arrested, while another doctor, Umar-un-Nabi, associated with its hospital was identified as the suicide bomber in the November 10 blast outside the Red Fort that killed 15 people. PTI MDB RHL

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Acts Income Tax