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March 25, 2026
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Scientific research deduction claims depend on programme-specific Form 9 receipts, approval linkage, and statutory compliance requirements.
Form 9 is a statutory receipt for payments made towards an approved scientific research programme and links the payment stage with the approval granted in Form 8 and the sponsor's deduction claim under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is issued by the designated executing institution, records sponsor details, payment particulars, programme information, approved cost, tax years and cumulative receipts, and is programme-specific. The receipt supports but does not itself establish entitlement to deduction, which remains subject to statutory compliance and verification.
March 25, 2026
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Form 9 receipt for approved scientific research payments supports deduction claims and compliance tracking.
Form 9 is the prescribed receipt for payments received towards an approved scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is issued to the sponsor by the executing institution, records the payment against the approved programme in FORM 8, and supports the sponsor's deduction claim subject to compliance with the Act and Rules. The form is programme-specific, may be issued for each payment or tranche including advance payments, and captures the sponsor details, payment particulars, approved cost, approved tax years, and cumulative receipts. It is not filed with the tax department but retained as supporting evidence.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval under tax law requires Form 8, with defined scope, cost, compliance and monitoring conditions.
Form 8 is the statutory approval order for a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and Rule 30. It is issued after examination of a sponsor's Form 7 application, records the approved scope, duration, cost, tax years and conditions of the programme, and is signed by the designated authority. The approval is programme-specific, cost-specific and time-bound, while post-approval compliance includes separate books, audit, reporting, asset restrictions and final completion reporting.
March 25, 2026
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Energy Star ratings shape window air conditioner pricing by raising upfront cost while lowering electricity bills and maintenance.
Energy Star ratings for window air conditioners reflect Bureau of Energy Efficiency standards and indicate how much cooling an AC delivers per unit of electricity consumed. Higher-rated units generally cost more upfront because they use advanced components, smarter controls, and more efficient motors and compressors, but they can lower electricity bills, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. Choosing the right star rating depends on usage patterns, room size, budget, and local electricity tariffs, with energy efficiency affecting both purchase price and long-term ownership cost.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Prior approval for scientific research deduction requires FORM 7 before commencement, with strict programme-specific compliance conditions.
A sponsor seeking deduction for expenditure on a scientific research programme must furnish FORM 7 as the prescribed application for prior approval before commencement. Separate applications are required for each programme, and the form calls for details of the sponsor, the proposed research programme, its duration and estimated cost, and the executing institution. Approval may be granted only for eligible programmes carried out through specified institutions, while market research, sales promotion, routine quality control, commercial production, and routine data collection are excluded.
March 25, 2026
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Rupee weakness amid foreign fund outflows, lower crude prices and expectations of RBI dollar support.
The rupee weakened in early trade against the US dollar amid sustained foreign fund outflows and market uncertainty linked to the West Asia crisis. The decline was partly cushioned by lower global crude oil prices, a weaker dollar and a firm opening in domestic equity markets. Market participants also expected RBI intervention through dollar sales, while exporters were hedging and importers buying on dips.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Audit report compliance for deduction claims under income-tax law requires Form 6, UDIN, and electronic verification.
Form 6 is the prescribed income-tax audit report for an assessee claiming deduction under Section 44 or Section 51 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, and must be certified by an accountant. It is to be filed electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal, verified by Digital Signature Certificate, and furnished one month before the due date for the return of income for the relevant Tax Year. The form requires audit confirmation, supporting records, UDIN generation, and assessee verification for claims under both deduction provisions.
March 25, 2026
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Audit-certified deduction reporting requires electronic Form 6 filing, accountant certification, UDIN, and digital verification for qualifying expenditure claims.
Form 6 is the prescribed audit report for an eligible assessee claiming deductions under section 44 for preliminary or project-related expenditure or under section 51 for mineral prospecting and development expenditure. It must be certified by an accountant and furnished electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal. The form is filed once in the first tax year in which the deduction is claimed, at least one month before the due date for furnishing the return of income, with UDIN generation and digital verification required.
March 25, 2026
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Money laundering bail refusal highlights serious economic offences, sufficient PMLA material, and unresolved double mortgage allegations.
Bail was refused in a money laundering prosecution under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act where the court found sufficient material linking the accused to the offence and treated the recorded PMLA statements as forming a formidable case. The court observed that economic offences pose a serious threat to the financial health of the country and that the gravity, seriousness and magnitude of the alleged conduct, along with the accused's major role, weighed against release on bail. Partial repayment did not discharge criminal liability, and the absence of an explanation for the alleged double mortgage remained relevant at the bail stage.
March 24, 2026
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Money laundering bail disputes hinge on fraudulent credit facilities, double mortgaging, and the gravity of economic offences.
Bail in a money laundering prosecution was opposed on the basis that the accused was linked to allegedly fraudulent borrowing and diversion of bank credit facilities, including mortgage and alleged double sale of secured properties. The prosecution relied on statements under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act and other material to contend that sufficient evidence connected the accused to the offence and that the matter involved a serious economic offence affecting the financial system.
March 24, 2026
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Scheduled Caste status and religious conversion: membership ends immediately on conversion to a non-specified faith.
A person belonging to a Scheduled Caste loses that status on conversion to a religion other than Hinduism, Sikhism or Buddhism, and the loss is immediate and complete from the moment of conversion. The bar in the Scheduled Castes Order, 1950 is categorical, so a person who professes and practices a non-specified religion cannot claim Scheduled Caste membership for statutory benefits, protections, reservations or other entitlements flowing from that status.
March 24, 2026
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Green budget drives welfare schemes, electric mobility, disaster readiness and sectoral infrastructure spending across Delhi.
Delhi's FY27 budget sets out a broad fiscal and welfare programme with major allocations for environmental protection, education, health, transport, urban development, social welfare and water supply. It introduces measures such as free diagnostic tests for newborn babies, bicycles for girl students, free LPG cylinders for ration card-holding families on Holi and Diwali, the Mahila Samriddhi Yojna, electric auto-rickshaw permits for women and transgender persons, and expanded Ayushman Bharat Health coverage. It also provides for electric buses, a semiconductor policy, disaster management infrastructure, firefighting upgrades and water and sewage projects.
March 24, 2026
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Preliminary expense disclosure in Form 5 requires electronic filing, detailed reporting, and strict compliance for income-tax deduction claims.
Form 5 is a mandatory electronic statement for an assessee claiming deduction for preliminary expenses under the Income-tax Act, 2025, to be furnished in accordance with Rule 27 and one month prior to the due date for filing the return of income. It requires disclosure of assessee particulars and transaction-level details of qualifying preliminary expenses, including feasibility reports, project reports, market or business surveys, and engineering services, with related PAN, TDS, and payment particulars.
March 24, 2026
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Preliminary expenses deduction reporting requires electronic Form 5, with item-wise disclosure, verification, and timely portal filing.
Electronic Form 5 is the prescribed statement for reporting preliminary expenses claimed as a deduction under Section 44 of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It applies to eligible expenditure connected with setting up or extension of a business, including feasibility reports, project reports, market or business surveys, and engineering services related to business, and must be filed for each tax year through the income-tax portal using digital signature or electronic verification. The form requires disclosure of assessee particulars, item-wise expense details, service-provider information, payment particulars, and TDS data where applicable.
March 24, 2026
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Functional cooperatives survey training set to standardise nationwide data collection and measure economic contribution.
Preparatory training was organised for the Rapid Survey of Functional Cooperatives before six months of field work beginning in April 2026. The workshop brought together senior officers and field functionaries who will serve as Master Trainers for subsequent regional training, with the aim of standardising nationwide survey operations. The survey will assess the contribution of functional cooperatives to employment generation and economic activity across rural and urban areas, and will estimate indicators such as Gross Value Added, Gross Value of Output and employment generated by cooperatives.
March 24, 2026
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Unincorporated sector survey shows stronger employment, higher value added, rising wages and wider internet adoption across establishments.
Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2025 covers unincorporated non-agricultural establishments in manufacturing, trade and other services, and collects data on workers, Gross Value Added, emoluments, fixed assets, loans, ownership, registration status and use of information and communication technology for policymaking and national accounts. The survey reports growth in establishments, employment, Gross Value Added, labour productivity, female-owned proprietary establishments, emolument per hired worker and internet use, and notes a revised sampling design enabling quarterly selection and district-level annual estimates.
March 24, 2026
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District-led export promotion expands through local committees, action plans, and market access support for MSMEs and farmers.
District-led export promotion under the Districts as Export Hubs initiative is implemented through State Export Promotion Committees and District Export Promotion Committees across all States and Union Territories. District Export Action Plans identify export potential in local products and sectors, while outreach events, public data portals, and district-level committees are used to build awareness, address bottlenecks, and support exporters, manufacturers, MSMEs, farmers, and small-scale industries.
March 24, 2026
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Export policy and trade facilitation framework strengthens competitiveness, digital governance, and market access across India's export ecosystem.
India's export framework is being strengthened through policy support, financial incentives, digital trade facilitation, infrastructure development, and trade agreements to expand competitiveness and global market access. The Foreign Trade Policy 2023, RoDTEP, the Export Promotion Mission, export credit support, and export-linked infrastructure are described as core instruments for improving trade finance, logistics, market readiness, and MSME competitiveness. Digital governance tools and trade agreements are said to support faster compliance, transparency, market access, and investment flows.

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News and Press Release

Flash Report on Central Sector Infrastructure Projects worth ₹150 crore and above

March 25, 2026

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PAIMANA Portal Tracks 1,948 Infrastructure Projects worth ₹41.98 lakh crore as of February 2026

The Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) continues to strengthen monitoring of Central Sector infrastructure projects through its PAIMANA platform, enabling improved tracking, timely reviews, and data-driven decision-making across Ministries. The portal tracks 1,948 Infrastructure Projects worth of ₹41.98 lakh crore as of February 2026.

Key Highlights

  • As of February 2026, 1,948 ongoing infrastructure projects, with a total revised cost of ₹41.98 lakh crore, are being monitored across 17 Central Ministries/Departments. The cumulative expenditure incurred on these projects stands at ₹19.71 lakh crore, accounting for approximately 46.95 per cent of the revised project cost, indicating steady progress in project implementation.
  • A significant proportion of projects are at advanced stages, with 740 projects (~38%) achieving over 80% physical progress, while 250 (~13%) have crossed 80% financial completion. The data also reflects a balanced pipeline, with projects distributed across early and advanced stages of implementation.
  • The Transport & Logistics sector (as per the DEA’s Harmonized Master List) accounts for the highest number of ongoing projects (1421 projects), with revised estimates of ₹22.96 lakh crore underscoring priority to connectivity-driven infrastructure growth.
  • 1,948 ongoing infrastructure projects include 793 Mega projects (project cost of ₹1,000 crore & above) with an original cost of ₹30.93 lakh crore, and 1,155 Major projects (project cost below ₹1,000 crore and up to ₹150 crore) amounting to ₹5.39 lakh crore.
  • Physical and financial progress broadly move in tandem, with a large number of projects clustered at the initial (0–20%) and advanced (81–100%) stages, indicating a pipeline of newly-started projects alongside many nearing completions. While physical progress exceeds financial progress in the 81–100% range, financial progress is relatively higher in the early stages, reflecting upfront expenditure patterns in project implementation.

2.   Ministry/ Departments-wise progress of Infrastructure Projects

  • Ministry of Road Transport & Highways accounts for the highest number of projects, with 1108 projects (56.88%), and a share of total project cost of ₹10.51 lakh crore (25.05%), highlighting its central role in national infrastructure development.
  • Ministry of Railways is implementing 245 projects (12.58%), and also commands the largest share of total project cost at ₹8.39 lakh crore (20%).
  • Ministry of Coal accounts for implementing 128 projects (6.57%), with a total project cost of ₹2.4 lakh crore (5.88%).
  • The Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, Ministry of Power, Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs, and the Department of Water Resources, River Development & GR are implementing 113, 101, 55, and 49 projects, with associated costs of ₹5.15 lakh crore, ₹5.25 lakh crore, ₹3.95 lakh crore, and ₹2.25 lakh crore, respectively.
  • The remaining 149 projects (7.64%), with a total cost of ₹3.98 lakh crore (10%), are distributed across various Ministries/Departments including Higher Education, Civil Aviation, Steel, Telecommunications, Labour & Employment, Ports, Shipping & Waterways, Health & Family Welfare, Mines, DPIIT, and Sports. (Refer Annexure I)

3.   Sector-wise (as per DEA’s Harmonized Master List of Infrastructure) Progress of Infrastructure Projects

  • Transport & Logistics remains the dominant sector, accounting for 55% of total revised project cost (₹22.96 lakh crore) across 1,421 projects (73 % of the total Projects), underscoring the central role of Roads & Highways, Railways, Aviation, Urban Public Transport, Shipping, and Inland Waterways in economic integration and logistics efficiency.
  • The Energy sector follows with 26% of aggregated revised cost (₹10.95 lakh crore) across 220 projects, reflecting sustained emphasis on Oil & Gas infrastructure, electricity generation, transmission and distribution networks, and energy storage systems.
  • Communication infrastructure, with a project cost of ₹2.74 lakh crore (7%) across 14 projects, represents targeted interventions aimed at strengthening digital connectivity.
  • Water & Sanitation projects account for ₹2.31 lakh crore (5%) across 71 projects, highlighting continued focus on essential urban services.
  • Social & Commercial infrastructure, comprising 74 projects with a revised project cost of ₹0.79 lakh crore (2%), reflects selective investments in education, healthcare, real estate, and tourism, hospitality and wellness.
  • Projects classified under ‘Others’, amounting to ₹2.22 lakh crore (5%) across 148 projects, indicate diversification across sectors such as coal, steel, metals, and mining.

(Refer Annexure II)

4.   Completed Projects and New Additions

  • During February 2026, 9 projects were commissioned, including major assets in Railway, and Petroleum & Natural Gas. Notable commissioned projects include the “Trivandrum - Kanyakumari” (₹ 3,785.45, crore), and the “PP Project, Pata” (₹ 1,299.02 crore).
  • During February 2026, 268 additional projects were brought under the monitoring of PAIMANA. Of these, 258 are from the Ministry of Road Transport & Highway, 6 are from Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas and 2 each from Department of Water Resources, River Development & GR and Ministry of Coal. These include:
    • Project - “Petro Resid Fluidized Catalytic Cracking [PRFCC] Unit and its associated facilities at Mumbai Refinery” (₹ 13,626 crore) of Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas.
    • Project – “Ken-Betwa Linking Development Project” (₹21,030 crore) of Department of Water Resources, River Development & GR.

5.   Next date of Press Release: Flash Report for the month of March 2026 would be released on 25th April 2026.

Note

  1. The press release summarizes highlights from the MoSPI’s Flash Report (February 2026) on Central Sector Infrastructure Projects (₹150 crore and above), available at https://www.ipm.mospi.gov.in/ or via the QR code.

 

  1. PAIMANA is a centralized web-based portal for monitoring of Central Sector Infrastructure Projects worth ₹150 crore and above. Operating on the "one data, one entry" principle, it integrates with DPIIT’s IPMP portal via APIs to automatically update more than 70% of project data from various Ministries/Departments. PAIMANA also serves as a national repository designed to standardize infrastructure monitoring and support informed decision-making for nation-building.

Annexure I

Ministry/ Departments-wise progress of Central Sector Infrastructure Projects

S. No

Ministry/ Department

Project Count

Revised Cost

Cumulative Expenditure           (₹ Thousand cr.)

(number)

(₹ Thousand cr.)

1

Ministry of Road Transport & Highways

1108

1051.57

323.51

2

Ministry of Railways

245

839.70

561.72

3

Ministry of Coal

128

247.07

78.07

4

Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas

113

515.65

290.68

5

Ministry of Power

101

525.31

194.61

6

Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs

55

395.64

225.53

7

Department of Water Resources, River Development & GR

49

225.69

159.26

8

Department of Higher Education

29

14.45

7.93

9

Ministry of Civil Aviation

26

22.81

10.08

10

Ministry of Health & Family Welfare

23

21.47

8.03

11

Ministry of Steel

20

23.16

9.66

12

Department of Telecommunications

14

274.02

77.30

13

Ministry of Labour and Employment

13

3.47

1.85

14

Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways

13

22.48

14.13

15

Ministry of Mines

7

10.98

7.20

16

Department for Promotion of Industry & Internal Trade

3

4.60

1.33

17

Department of Sports

1

0.61

0.57

 

Total

1,948

4,198.68

1,971.45

 

Annexure II

Sector-wise (as per DEA’s Harmonized Master List of Infrastructure) progress of Central Sector Infrastructure Projects

S. No

HML Category

Project Count

(number)

Revised Cost      (₹ Thousand cr.)

Cumulative Expenditure      (₹ Thousand cr.)

1

Transport & Logistics

1421

2,296.19

1,119.91

2

Energy

220

1,095.03

512.19

3

Water & Sanitation

71

231.14

163.21

4

Communication

14

274.02

77.29

5

Social & Commercial

74

79.51

32.9

6

Others

148

222.77

65.92

 

Total

1,948

4,198.68

1,971.45

***

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