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March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Research and development deduction reporting through FORM 12 supports verification of eligible expenditure and compliance oversight.
FORM 12 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority under section 45(2) read with Rule 29 for an approved in-house research and development facility. It is filed with the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax and records the facility's examination, recognition status, and eligible capital and revenue expenditure for verifying deduction claims. The form is not filed by the company and does not itself determine final allowability of deduction, which remains subject to departmental verification during processing or assessment.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D facility approval framework under income tax law requires DSIR cooperation, audit compliance, and ongoing reporting.
FORM 11 sets out the statutory application and agreement framework for approval of in-house research and development facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025, read with Rule 29. It applies to eligible companies maintaining or proposing to maintain an in-house R&D facility and requires disclosure of company particulars, a DSIR agreement, and binding undertakings on audit, reporting, asset use, and compliance. Approval is facility-specific and remains subject to continued compliance, with DSIR serving as the prescribed authority for evaluation and oversight.
March 25, 2026
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In-house research and development approval requires disclosure, audit, and ongoing compliance before deduction can be considered.
Form 11 is the prescribed application under Rule 29 for a company seeking to enter into an agreement with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2). It requires disclosure of company particulars, R&D expenditure, facility details, research objectives, and undertakings on maintenance and audit of accounts. The form is generally a one-time approval application, but annual compliance continues through progress reports, audited accounts, and expenditure details. Approval does not itself secure deduction, which depends on statutory conditions, the agreement, and verification.
March 25, 2026
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Statutory reporting for approved scientific research programmes under FORM 10 strengthens tax oversight and compliance monitoring.
Proposed FORM 10 is the statutory reporting form furnished by the prescribed authority to the Income-tax Department for approved scientific research programmes under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It functions as the oversight stage after FORM 7 and FORM 8, linking approvals with departmental monitoring of payments, utilisation and deduction claims. The form is furnished electronically to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner within the prescribed time and records the essential particulars of the approved programme, while not conferring any entitlement on the sponsor or replacing the approval order.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval reporting under tax law supports compliance monitoring, deduction verification, and administrative recordkeeping.
FORM 10 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority in relation to a scientific research programme approved under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is a post-approval monitoring instrument, furnished to the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax having jurisdiction over the sponsor within the prescribed time. The form records approval details, programme particulars, conditions of approval, and supports administrative monitoring, compliance verification, and cross-checking of deduction claims. It does not alter or substitute the approval granted under FORM 8.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research deduction claims depend on programme-specific Form 9 receipts, approval linkage, and statutory compliance requirements.
Form 9 is a statutory receipt for payments made towards an approved scientific research programme and links the payment stage with the approval granted in Form 8 and the sponsor's deduction claim under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is issued by the designated executing institution, records sponsor details, payment particulars, programme information, approved cost, tax years and cumulative receipts, and is programme-specific. The receipt supports but does not itself establish entitlement to deduction, which remains subject to statutory compliance and verification.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Form 9 receipt for approved scientific research payments supports deduction claims and compliance tracking.
Form 9 is the prescribed receipt for payments received towards an approved scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is issued to the sponsor by the executing institution, records the payment against the approved programme in FORM 8, and supports the sponsor's deduction claim subject to compliance with the Act and Rules. The form is programme-specific, may be issued for each payment or tranche including advance payments, and captures the sponsor details, payment particulars, approved cost, approved tax years, and cumulative receipts. It is not filed with the tax department but retained as supporting evidence.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval under tax law requires Form 8, with defined scope, cost, compliance and monitoring conditions.
Form 8 is the statutory approval order for a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and Rule 30. It is issued after examination of a sponsor's Form 7 application, records the approved scope, duration, cost, tax years and conditions of the programme, and is signed by the designated authority. The approval is programme-specific, cost-specific and time-bound, while post-approval compliance includes separate books, audit, reporting, asset restrictions and final completion reporting.
March 25, 2026
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Energy Star ratings shape window air conditioner pricing by raising upfront cost while lowering electricity bills and maintenance.
Energy Star ratings for window air conditioners reflect Bureau of Energy Efficiency standards and indicate how much cooling an AC delivers per unit of electricity consumed. Higher-rated units generally cost more upfront because they use advanced components, smarter controls, and more efficient motors and compressors, but they can lower electricity bills, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. Choosing the right star rating depends on usage patterns, room size, budget, and local electricity tariffs, with energy efficiency affecting both purchase price and long-term ownership cost.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Prior approval for scientific research deduction requires FORM 7 before commencement, with strict programme-specific compliance conditions.
A sponsor seeking deduction for expenditure on a scientific research programme must furnish FORM 7 as the prescribed application for prior approval before commencement. Separate applications are required for each programme, and the form calls for details of the sponsor, the proposed research programme, its duration and estimated cost, and the executing institution. Approval may be granted only for eligible programmes carried out through specified institutions, while market research, sales promotion, routine quality control, commercial production, and routine data collection are excluded.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Rupee weakness amid foreign fund outflows, lower crude prices and expectations of RBI dollar support.
The rupee weakened in early trade against the US dollar amid sustained foreign fund outflows and market uncertainty linked to the West Asia crisis. The decline was partly cushioned by lower global crude oil prices, a weaker dollar and a firm opening in domestic equity markets. Market participants also expected RBI intervention through dollar sales, while exporters were hedging and importers buying on dips.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Audit report compliance for deduction claims under income-tax law requires Form 6, UDIN, and electronic verification.
Form 6 is the prescribed income-tax audit report for an assessee claiming deduction under Section 44 or Section 51 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, and must be certified by an accountant. It is to be filed electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal, verified by Digital Signature Certificate, and furnished one month before the due date for the return of income for the relevant Tax Year. The form requires audit confirmation, supporting records, UDIN generation, and assessee verification for claims under both deduction provisions.
March 25, 2026
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Audit-certified deduction reporting requires electronic Form 6 filing, accountant certification, UDIN, and digital verification for qualifying expenditure claims.
Form 6 is the prescribed audit report for an eligible assessee claiming deductions under section 44 for preliminary or project-related expenditure or under section 51 for mineral prospecting and development expenditure. It must be certified by an accountant and furnished electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal. The form is filed once in the first tax year in which the deduction is claimed, at least one month before the due date for furnishing the return of income, with UDIN generation and digital verification required.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Money laundering bail refusal highlights serious economic offences, sufficient PMLA material, and unresolved double mortgage allegations.
Bail was refused in a money laundering prosecution under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act where the court found sufficient material linking the accused to the offence and treated the recorded PMLA statements as forming a formidable case. The court observed that economic offences pose a serious threat to the financial health of the country and that the gravity, seriousness and magnitude of the alleged conduct, along with the accused's major role, weighed against release on bail. Partial repayment did not discharge criminal liability, and the absence of an explanation for the alleged double mortgage remained relevant at the bail stage.
March 24, 2026
Show AI Summary
Money laundering bail disputes hinge on fraudulent credit facilities, double mortgaging, and the gravity of economic offences.
Bail in a money laundering prosecution was opposed on the basis that the accused was linked to allegedly fraudulent borrowing and diversion of bank credit facilities, including mortgage and alleged double sale of secured properties. The prosecution relied on statements under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act and other material to contend that sufficient evidence connected the accused to the offence and that the matter involved a serious economic offence affecting the financial system.
March 24, 2026
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Scheduled Caste status and religious conversion: membership ends immediately on conversion to a non-specified faith.
A person belonging to a Scheduled Caste loses that status on conversion to a religion other than Hinduism, Sikhism or Buddhism, and the loss is immediate and complete from the moment of conversion. The bar in the Scheduled Castes Order, 1950 is categorical, so a person who professes and practices a non-specified religion cannot claim Scheduled Caste membership for statutory benefits, protections, reservations or other entitlements flowing from that status.
March 24, 2026
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Green budget drives welfare schemes, electric mobility, disaster readiness and sectoral infrastructure spending across Delhi.
Delhi's FY27 budget sets out a broad fiscal and welfare programme with major allocations for environmental protection, education, health, transport, urban development, social welfare and water supply. It introduces measures such as free diagnostic tests for newborn babies, bicycles for girl students, free LPG cylinders for ration card-holding families on Holi and Diwali, the Mahila Samriddhi Yojna, electric auto-rickshaw permits for women and transgender persons, and expanded Ayushman Bharat Health coverage. It also provides for electric buses, a semiconductor policy, disaster management infrastructure, firefighting upgrades and water and sewage projects.
March 24, 2026
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Preliminary expense disclosure in Form 5 requires electronic filing, detailed reporting, and strict compliance for income-tax deduction claims.
Form 5 is a mandatory electronic statement for an assessee claiming deduction for preliminary expenses under the Income-tax Act, 2025, to be furnished in accordance with Rule 27 and one month prior to the due date for filing the return of income. It requires disclosure of assessee particulars and transaction-level details of qualifying preliminary expenses, including feasibility reports, project reports, market or business surveys, and engineering services, with related PAN, TDS, and payment particulars.

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Delhi CM Rekha Gupta presents Rs 1.037 lakh cr budget; Rs 22,236 crore for 'green initiatives'

March 24, 2026

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New Delhi, Mar 24 (PTI) Delhi Chief Minister Rekha Gupta on Tuesday presented a Rs 1.037 lakh crore budget for FY27, announcing several welfare schemes, including free diagnostic tests for newborn babies, free bicycles to 1.3 lakh girl students and laptops for meritorious students, and a new semiconductor policy, besides an 'emergency operation centre' for disaster management.

Presenting the budget for the second time in the Delhi Assembly, Gupta, who also holds the finance portfolio, called it a "Green Budget", pointing out that 21 per cent of the total appropriations are allocated to environmental protection initiatives.

For the next financial year, the government has earmarked Rs 260 crore to provide a free LPG cylinder each on Holi and Diwali to ration card-holding families --- a pre-poll promise of the BJP. The chief minister announced Rs 1,352 crore for developing dust-free roads, including end-to-end recarpeting of 750 km of roads across the city.

In her 116-minute speech, the chief minister highlighted several measures taken by the BJP government in the last year.

She said that the national capital has been progressing rapidly under a triple-engine government, highlighting that the city's per capita income is the third-highest in the country.

The government has earmarked Rs 19,326 crore for the education sector -- 18 per cent share of the total budget, followed by the health sector (Rs 13,034 crore), transport (Rs 12,613 crore), urban development (Rs 11,572 crore), social welfare (Rs 10,537 crore) and water supply (Rs 9,000 crore).

The chief minister also announced a slew of measures for women and assured that 'Mahila Samriddhi Yojna', a pre-poll promise of the ruling BJP, will soon be implemented with an outlay of Rs 5,110 crore.

Under the scheme, eligible women will be given Rs 2,500 per month, the chief minister said, adding that a portal for registration will be launched soon. The government will also set up 'Rani Haat' for women to link their skills with markets.

The Delhi government will provide 1,100 electric auto-rickshaw permits to women and transgender persons under a scheme aimed at promoting self-reliance, Gupta announced.

Meanwhile, Opposition AAP MLAs boycotted the budget presentation over suspension of four party legislators, prompting Speaker Vijender Gupta to criticise their decision.

The chief minister said her government will set up an 'Emergency Operation Centre' to deal with any disaster.

The budget estimates tax revenue of Rs 74,000 crore, while an allocation of Rs 11,666 crore has been made for the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD).

Pointing out the problem faced by girls in commuting to schools, Gupta announced an allocation of Rs 90 crore in the budget for gifting bicycles to 1.30 lakh Class IX girl students of Delhi government schools.

During her budget speech, the chief minister also turned poetic as she said --- "Delhi ki raho me phirse ujala chhane laga hai...mehnat ka har deep ab jagmagane lga hai...nai umeedo ke sang kadam badaye hai...har adhure sapne ko phirse hum sajaye hai".

Highlighting the benefits of the Ayushman Bharat Health scheme, she announced that it will also cover transgender individuals and announced Rs 202 crore for the scheme.

She said the government was motivated to treat healthcare as "Upchar" (treatment), not as "Upkar" (favour), and earmarked Rs 12,645 crore for various projects and initiatives.

The government will open 750 new Ayushman Arogya Mandir and has allocated Rs 1,500 crore for it.

Gupta announced a new scheme ANMOL (Advanced Newborn Monitoring and Optimal Lifecare) for 56 free diagnostic tests of newborn babies in the city.

A huge allocation of Rs 19,148 crore was made for the education sector in the budget, including Rs 475 crore for construction and extension of school buildings.

She also said the Delhi government will open a Sainik School and demanded that the Centre set up 10 Kendriya Vidyalayas in the national capital.

The chief minister announced the conversion of Delhi's entire public transport bus fleet to electric buses by 2029, allocating Rs 8,374 crore for the transport sector.

She also announced that the Delhi government will introduce a semiconductor policy and develop infrastructure to support the industry's growth in the city.

In the infrastructure sector, Rs 5,921 crore has been earmarked for the public works department (PWD), while urban development and shelter projects have been allocated Rs 7,887 crore.

"Our aim is safe roads, climate corridors and flawless connectivity," Gupta said.

The government allocated Rs 3,942 crore for the power department, she said, adding that the government is also working on shifting overhead electricity wires underground with an outlay of Rs 200 crore for this purpose.

The chief minister announced Rs 300 crore for the development of the trans-Yamuna area of the city, while the Delhi Gram Vikas Board has been allocated Rs 787 crore.

The city government will also build an integrated secretariat and residential complex for employees, the CM said in her budget speech.

Citing the Palam fire incident, Gupta said narrow lanes and congested unauthorised colonies make it difficult to douse fires, adding that Delhi's firefighting infrastructure will be strengthened with an allocation of Rs 674 crore.

To tackle water-related issues, Gupta said new water pipeline projects are underway and Rs 9,000 crore has been allocated to the Delhi Jal Board for water and sewage management. PTI VIT SSM SHB AHD VBH SGV MSJ BUN BUN MR

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