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March 25, 2026
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Scientific research donation reporting under Form 15 requires annual filing, donor-wise particulars, and cross-verification of deductions.
Form 15 is a statutory annual information statement for prescribed undertakings or institutions receiving sums for scientific research, social science research or statistical research under the Income-tax Act, 2025. It must be furnished annually by the recipient institution and verified by the person authorised to verify its return of income, on or before 31st May following the relevant tax year. The form captures donor-wise and donation-wise particulars and serves as a primary data source for cross-verification of deductions claimed by donors, without itself conferring any deduction.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research donation reporting under FORM 15 requires annual electronic furnishing by the recipient institution.
FORM 15 is a prescribed annual statement to be furnished by a prescribed undertaking or institution in respect of sums received for scientific research during a tax year. It applies to eligible sums received for scientific, social science or statistical research, and not to charitable donations. The obligation lies with the recipient institution, the statement is to be furnished annually on or before 31st May, and it must include donor-wise particulars, approval details, and receipt information. Non-furnishing or incorrect furnishing may affect the donor's deduction and attract statutory consequences.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D approval under Form 14 conditions tax deduction eligibility and links scientific recognition with compliance oversight.
Proposed Form 14 is the statutory approval order for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. Issued by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research under Rule 29, it records the company's particulars, the facility details, DSIR recognition, and the grant of approval for the deduction framework. The approval is facility-specific, depends on continued DSIR recognition, and does not by itself establish deduction entitlement.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
In-house research and development approval governs deduction claims subject to DSIR recognition and statutory compliance.
FORM 14 is the prescribed approval order issued by DSIR for a company's in-house research and development facility under section 45(2) read with Rule 29. It formally grants approval, records the scientific research to be undertaken, links the approval with DSIR recognition and the company's application, and supports a deduction claim subject to compliance with statutory conditions. The form is facility-specific, not a filing form, and may be withdrawn for non-compliance or withdrawal of DSIR recognition.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research and development audit reporting supports deduction claims through mandatory independent certification and account verification.
Proposed FORM 13 is the annual statutory audit report for an approved in-house scientific research and development facility under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is furnished by the company through an independent accountant and provides independent assurance on maintenance of separate accounts, correctness of capital and revenue expenditure, conformity with DSIR guidelines, and linkage with audited financial statements. FORM 13 is a mandatory supporting document for deduction claims and operates with FORM 11, FORM 14 and FORM 12 in the compliance framework.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
In-house R&D audit report defines compliance for deduction claims through separate accounts and certified expenditure.
FORM 13 is the accountant's annual audit report for an approved in-house scientific research and development facility claimed under section 45(2). It certifies maintenance of separate accounts, correctness of expenditure, and conformity with DSIR guidelines, and must be attached with or furnished in support of the company's return of income. The form is a mandatory compliance requirement, but deduction remains subject to verification and assessment.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Research and development deduction reporting through Form 12 supports technical certification, expenditure verification, and compliance oversight.
Proposed Form 12 is the statutory reporting form through which the prescribed authority, acting under Rule 29, submits findings and certification regarding an approved in-house research and development facility to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner of Income-tax. It operates within the compliance framework for deduction of expenditure on approved in-house R&D facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and records evaluation details, eligible expenditure and asset movements for verification of deduction claims.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Research and development deduction reporting through FORM 12 supports verification of eligible expenditure and compliance oversight.
FORM 12 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority under section 45(2) read with Rule 29 for an approved in-house research and development facility. It is filed with the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax and records the facility's examination, recognition status, and eligible capital and revenue expenditure for verifying deduction claims. The form is not filed by the company and does not itself determine final allowability of deduction, which remains subject to departmental verification during processing or assessment.
March 25, 2026
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In-house R&D facility approval framework under income tax law requires DSIR cooperation, audit compliance, and ongoing reporting.
FORM 11 sets out the statutory application and agreement framework for approval of in-house research and development facilities under section 45(2) of the Income-tax Act, 2025, read with Rule 29. It applies to eligible companies maintaining or proposing to maintain an in-house R&D facility and requires disclosure of company particulars, a DSIR agreement, and binding undertakings on audit, reporting, asset use, and compliance. Approval is facility-specific and remains subject to continued compliance, with DSIR serving as the prescribed authority for evaluation and oversight.
March 25, 2026
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In-house research and development approval requires disclosure, audit, and ongoing compliance before deduction can be considered.
Form 11 is the prescribed application under Rule 29 for a company seeking to enter into an agreement with the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research for an in-house research and development facility under section 45(2). It requires disclosure of company particulars, R&D expenditure, facility details, research objectives, and undertakings on maintenance and audit of accounts. The form is generally a one-time approval application, but annual compliance continues through progress reports, audited accounts, and expenditure details. Approval does not itself secure deduction, which depends on statutory conditions, the agreement, and verification.
March 25, 2026
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Statutory reporting for approved scientific research programmes under FORM 10 strengthens tax oversight and compliance monitoring.
Proposed FORM 10 is the statutory reporting form furnished by the prescribed authority to the Income-tax Department for approved scientific research programmes under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It functions as the oversight stage after FORM 7 and FORM 8, linking approvals with departmental monitoring of payments, utilisation and deduction claims. The form is furnished electronically to the jurisdictional Chief Commissioner within the prescribed time and records the essential particulars of the approved programme, while not conferring any entitlement on the sponsor or replacing the approval order.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval reporting under tax law supports compliance monitoring, deduction verification, and administrative recordkeeping.
FORM 10 is a statutory report furnished by the prescribed authority in relation to a scientific research programme approved under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is a post-approval monitoring instrument, furnished to the Chief Commissioner of Income-tax having jurisdiction over the sponsor within the prescribed time. The form records approval details, programme particulars, conditions of approval, and supports administrative monitoring, compliance verification, and cross-checking of deduction claims. It does not alter or substitute the approval granted under FORM 8.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research deduction claims depend on programme-specific Form 9 receipts, approval linkage, and statutory compliance requirements.
Form 9 is a statutory receipt for payments made towards an approved scientific research programme and links the payment stage with the approval granted in Form 8 and the sponsor's deduction claim under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is issued by the designated executing institution, records sponsor details, payment particulars, programme information, approved cost, tax years and cumulative receipts, and is programme-specific. The receipt supports but does not itself establish entitlement to deduction, which remains subject to statutory compliance and verification.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Form 9 receipt for approved scientific research payments supports deduction claims and compliance tracking.
Form 9 is the prescribed receipt for payments received towards an approved scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is issued to the sponsor by the executing institution, records the payment against the approved programme in FORM 8, and supports the sponsor's deduction claim subject to compliance with the Act and Rules. The form is programme-specific, may be issued for each payment or tranche including advance payments, and captures the sponsor details, payment particulars, approved cost, approved tax years, and cumulative receipts. It is not filed with the tax department but retained as supporting evidence.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval under tax law requires Form 8, with defined scope, cost, compliance and monitoring conditions.
Form 8 is the statutory approval order for a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and Rule 30. It is issued after examination of a sponsor's Form 7 application, records the approved scope, duration, cost, tax years and conditions of the programme, and is signed by the designated authority. The approval is programme-specific, cost-specific and time-bound, while post-approval compliance includes separate books, audit, reporting, asset restrictions and final completion reporting.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Energy Star ratings shape window air conditioner pricing by raising upfront cost while lowering electricity bills and maintenance.
Energy Star ratings for window air conditioners reflect Bureau of Energy Efficiency standards and indicate how much cooling an AC delivers per unit of electricity consumed. Higher-rated units generally cost more upfront because they use advanced components, smarter controls, and more efficient motors and compressors, but they can lower electricity bills, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. Choosing the right star rating depends on usage patterns, room size, budget, and local electricity tariffs, with energy efficiency affecting both purchase price and long-term ownership cost.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
Show AI Summary
Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.
March 25, 2026
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Prior approval for scientific research deduction requires FORM 7 before commencement, with strict programme-specific compliance conditions.
A sponsor seeking deduction for expenditure on a scientific research programme must furnish FORM 7 as the prescribed application for prior approval before commencement. Separate applications are required for each programme, and the form calls for details of the sponsor, the proposed research programme, its duration and estimated cost, and the executing institution. Approval may be granted only for eligible programmes carried out through specified institutions, while market research, sales promotion, routine quality control, commercial production, and routine data collection are excluded.
March 25, 2026
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Rupee weakness amid foreign fund outflows, lower crude prices and expectations of RBI dollar support.
The rupee weakened in early trade against the US dollar amid sustained foreign fund outflows and market uncertainty linked to the West Asia crisis. The decline was partly cushioned by lower global crude oil prices, a weaker dollar and a firm opening in domestic equity markets. Market participants also expected RBI intervention through dollar sales, while exporters were hedging and importers buying on dips.

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Guidance Note – Form 4

March 24, 2026

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FORM 4 - Income attributable to assets located in India under section 9(10)(a) of the Act

Name of form as per I.T. Rules, 1962

Form 3CT

Name of form as per I.T. Rules, 2026

4

Corresponding section of I.T. Act, 1961

9(1)

Corresponding section of I.T. Act, 2025

9(10)

Corresponding Rule of I.T. Rules, 1962

11UC

Corresponding Rule of I.T. Rules, 2026

11

A. PURPOSE

The Form is report by Accountant regarding the calculation of income attributable to transfer of assets located in India under section 9(10) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. This form is prescribed under Rule 11 of Income-tax Rules, 2026.

B. WHO SHOULD FILE

Accountant, which the taxpayer has appointed for this purpose

C. FREQUENCY & DUE DATES

o Form 4 must be filed once in a tax year

o The Form must be filed along with the Return of Income and the due date for filing of return of income applies to this Form too depending on the taxpayer profile.

D. STRUCTURE OF FORM 4

1) Details such as communication address, email, phone number etc. which is as per the standard template provided for all forms.

2) Details regarding the transaction of transfer of share of interest entity-wise, income derived from such transfer, value of assets located in India, value of global assets, method employed for arriving at the value of the assets.

E. WHAT ARE THE DOCUMENTS REQUIRED TO FILE THE FORM 4?

Following documents may be required for filing Form 4:

o Communication addresses, emails, phone numbers of the taxpayer.

o Valuation report of the valuation of the assets

o Financial statements of the taxpayer

o Documents related to the sale of asset/s

F. FILING COUNT

For the F.Y. 2024-25, 56 forms have been filed.

G. WHAT IS THE PROCESS FLOW OF FILING FORM 4?

The process flow includes following steps

1. Firm/Accountant has to register on the UDIN portal to generate UDIN as per the process of the ICAI.

2. The Form is to be filed electronically through the e-filing portal of the Income Tax Department by the accountant after generation of Unique Document Identification Number.

3. The statement should be digitally signed by the Accountant.

H. OUTCOME OF PROCESSED FORM 4

The form is required for cross-verification with regard to the income offered in the return of income

Consequences of Non-compliance:

Failure to file Form 4 can lead to proceedings for assessment of income under the Income-tax Act, 2025.

I. BRIEF NOTE ON BROAD OR QUALITATIVE CHANGES PROPOSED

Key updates include the following

1. Part-A, the standard template to capture the details of the tax payer

2. Sub-tables introduced to present clear picture of the information to be filed.

J. CHALLENGES AND SOLUTIONS

o Since the existing notified form is in Row-wise format with numerous sub rows, to provide clarity on information and all the information that are to gather to fill the form, tabular structure has been introduced.

K. COMMON CHANGES MADE ACROSS FORMS

1. To make Forms system-friendly and enable e-filing and uploading, certain anomalies found due to grouping of Name, Designation, Address, PAN and Aadhaar number have been separated into different boxes.

2. Assessment / Financial / Previous year or years have been replaced with Tax year or years, wherever appearing in the Form/Annexure.

3. Sections, Clauses and Schedules changed as per the Income-tax Act, 2025.

4. Common verification statement.

5. Common details for all forms filed by accountants such as firm registration details, UDIN

Topics

Acts Income Tax