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March 25, 2026
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Energy Star ratings shape window air conditioner pricing by raising upfront cost while lowering electricity bills and maintenance.
Energy Star ratings for window air conditioners reflect Bureau of Energy Efficiency standards and indicate how much cooling an AC delivers per unit of electricity consumed. Higher-rated units generally cost more upfront because they use advanced components, smarter controls, and more efficient motors and compressors, but they can lower electricity bills, reduce maintenance, and extend service life. Choosing the right star rating depends on usage patterns, room size, budget, and local electricity tariffs, with energy efficiency affecting both purchase price and long-term ownership cost.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
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Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.
March 25, 2026
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Prior approval for scientific research deduction requires FORM 7 before commencement, with strict programme-specific compliance conditions.
A sponsor seeking deduction for expenditure on a scientific research programme must furnish FORM 7 as the prescribed application for prior approval before commencement. Separate applications are required for each programme, and the form calls for details of the sponsor, the proposed research programme, its duration and estimated cost, and the executing institution. Approval may be granted only for eligible programmes carried out through specified institutions, while market research, sales promotion, routine quality control, commercial production, and routine data collection are excluded.
March 25, 2026
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Rupee weakness amid foreign fund outflows, lower crude prices and expectations of RBI dollar support.
The rupee weakened in early trade against the US dollar amid sustained foreign fund outflows and market uncertainty linked to the West Asia crisis. The decline was partly cushioned by lower global crude oil prices, a weaker dollar and a firm opening in domestic equity markets. Market participants also expected RBI intervention through dollar sales, while exporters were hedging and importers buying on dips.
March 25, 2026
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Audit report compliance for deduction claims under income-tax law requires Form 6, UDIN, and electronic verification.
Form 6 is the prescribed income-tax audit report for an assessee claiming deduction under Section 44 or Section 51 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, and must be certified by an accountant. It is to be filed electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal, verified by Digital Signature Certificate, and furnished one month before the due date for the return of income for the relevant Tax Year. The form requires audit confirmation, supporting records, UDIN generation, and assessee verification for claims under both deduction provisions.
March 25, 2026
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Audit-certified deduction reporting requires electronic Form 6 filing, accountant certification, UDIN, and digital verification for qualifying expenditure claims.
Form 6 is the prescribed audit report for an eligible assessee claiming deductions under section 44 for preliminary or project-related expenditure or under section 51 for mineral prospecting and development expenditure. It must be certified by an accountant and furnished electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal. The form is filed once in the first tax year in which the deduction is claimed, at least one month before the due date for furnishing the return of income, with UDIN generation and digital verification required.
March 25, 2026
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Money laundering bail refusal highlights serious economic offences, sufficient PMLA material, and unresolved double mortgage allegations.
Bail was refused in a money laundering prosecution under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act where the court found sufficient material linking the accused to the offence and treated the recorded PMLA statements as forming a formidable case. The court observed that economic offences pose a serious threat to the financial health of the country and that the gravity, seriousness and magnitude of the alleged conduct, along with the accused's major role, weighed against release on bail. Partial repayment did not discharge criminal liability, and the absence of an explanation for the alleged double mortgage remained relevant at the bail stage.
March 24, 2026
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Money laundering bail disputes hinge on fraudulent credit facilities, double mortgaging, and the gravity of economic offences.
Bail in a money laundering prosecution was opposed on the basis that the accused was linked to allegedly fraudulent borrowing and diversion of bank credit facilities, including mortgage and alleged double sale of secured properties. The prosecution relied on statements under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act and other material to contend that sufficient evidence connected the accused to the offence and that the matter involved a serious economic offence affecting the financial system.
March 24, 2026
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Scheduled Caste status and religious conversion: membership ends immediately on conversion to a non-specified faith.
A person belonging to a Scheduled Caste loses that status on conversion to a religion other than Hinduism, Sikhism or Buddhism, and the loss is immediate and complete from the moment of conversion. The bar in the Scheduled Castes Order, 1950 is categorical, so a person who professes and practices a non-specified religion cannot claim Scheduled Caste membership for statutory benefits, protections, reservations or other entitlements flowing from that status.
March 24, 2026
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Green budget drives welfare schemes, electric mobility, disaster readiness and sectoral infrastructure spending across Delhi.
Delhi's FY27 budget sets out a broad fiscal and welfare programme with major allocations for environmental protection, education, health, transport, urban development, social welfare and water supply. It introduces measures such as free diagnostic tests for newborn babies, bicycles for girl students, free LPG cylinders for ration card-holding families on Holi and Diwali, the Mahila Samriddhi Yojna, electric auto-rickshaw permits for women and transgender persons, and expanded Ayushman Bharat Health coverage. It also provides for electric buses, a semiconductor policy, disaster management infrastructure, firefighting upgrades and water and sewage projects.
March 24, 2026
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Preliminary expense disclosure in Form 5 requires electronic filing, detailed reporting, and strict compliance for income-tax deduction claims.
Form 5 is a mandatory electronic statement for an assessee claiming deduction for preliminary expenses under the Income-tax Act, 2025, to be furnished in accordance with Rule 27 and one month prior to the due date for filing the return of income. It requires disclosure of assessee particulars and transaction-level details of qualifying preliminary expenses, including feasibility reports, project reports, market or business surveys, and engineering services, with related PAN, TDS, and payment particulars.
March 24, 2026
Show AI Summary
Preliminary expenses deduction reporting requires electronic Form 5, with item-wise disclosure, verification, and timely portal filing.
Electronic Form 5 is the prescribed statement for reporting preliminary expenses claimed as a deduction under Section 44 of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It applies to eligible expenditure connected with setting up or extension of a business, including feasibility reports, project reports, market or business surveys, and engineering services related to business, and must be filed for each tax year through the income-tax portal using digital signature or electronic verification. The form requires disclosure of assessee particulars, item-wise expense details, service-provider information, payment particulars, and TDS data where applicable.
March 24, 2026
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Functional cooperatives survey training set to standardise nationwide data collection and measure economic contribution.
Preparatory training was organised for the Rapid Survey of Functional Cooperatives before six months of field work beginning in April 2026. The workshop brought together senior officers and field functionaries who will serve as Master Trainers for subsequent regional training, with the aim of standardising nationwide survey operations. The survey will assess the contribution of functional cooperatives to employment generation and economic activity across rural and urban areas, and will estimate indicators such as Gross Value Added, Gross Value of Output and employment generated by cooperatives.
March 24, 2026
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Unincorporated sector survey shows stronger employment, higher value added, rising wages and wider internet adoption across establishments.
Annual Survey of Unincorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2025 covers unincorporated non-agricultural establishments in manufacturing, trade and other services, and collects data on workers, Gross Value Added, emoluments, fixed assets, loans, ownership, registration status and use of information and communication technology for policymaking and national accounts. The survey reports growth in establishments, employment, Gross Value Added, labour productivity, female-owned proprietary establishments, emolument per hired worker and internet use, and notes a revised sampling design enabling quarterly selection and district-level annual estimates.
March 24, 2026
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District-led export promotion expands through local committees, action plans, and market access support for MSMEs and farmers.
District-led export promotion under the Districts as Export Hubs initiative is implemented through State Export Promotion Committees and District Export Promotion Committees across all States and Union Territories. District Export Action Plans identify export potential in local products and sectors, while outreach events, public data portals, and district-level committees are used to build awareness, address bottlenecks, and support exporters, manufacturers, MSMEs, farmers, and small-scale industries.
March 24, 2026
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Export policy and trade facilitation framework strengthens competitiveness, digital governance, and market access across India's export ecosystem.
India's export framework is being strengthened through policy support, financial incentives, digital trade facilitation, infrastructure development, and trade agreements to expand competitiveness and global market access. The Foreign Trade Policy 2023, RoDTEP, the Export Promotion Mission, export credit support, and export-linked infrastructure are described as core instruments for improving trade finance, logistics, market readiness, and MSME competitiveness. Digital governance tools and trade agreements are said to support faster compliance, transparency, market access, and investment flows.
March 24, 2026
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Startup ecosystem collaboration advances industry-linked innovation support for HVAC, manufacturing, testing, and pilot deployment opportunities.
Industry-linked innovation support is being advanced through a Memorandum of Understanding to strengthen the manufacturing and startup ecosystem. The collaboration is directed at product startups working in HVAC technologies, digital solutions, advanced manufacturing processes, and supply chain innovation, with the aim of enabling scalable, industry-relevant solutions through structured engagement. Startups will receive mentorship, testing facilities, R&D infrastructure, pilot opportunities, market linkages, and structured Proof-of-Concept programmes.
March 24, 2026
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Unauthorised electronic banking transactions framework updated with compensation, AI fraud detection, and stronger mule account safeguards.
RBI has revised its framework on unauthorised electronic banking transactions, including a proposed compensation mechanism for small-value fraudulent transactions, to update customer-liability rules in response to technological change. The broader framework also relies on AI-driven fraud detection, mule account surveillance, real-time transaction monitoring, and public financial literacy campaigns to curb cyber fraud and strengthen safe banking practices.
March 24, 2026
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Unclaimed financial assets: regulators expand digital portals, nomination reforms and simplified claim processes to help rightful claimants trace funds.
Measures by RBI, IRDAI and SEBI simplify identification, tracing and settlement of unclaimed financial assets through claim reforms, digital portals, nomination requirements and awareness drives. RBI has consolidated claim directions, introduced an incentive scheme, supported common application procedures and launched UDGAM; IRDAI and SEBI have adopted similar tracing, documentation and portal-based mechanisms for insurance proceeds and mutual fund amounts. Banks transfer long-inactive balances to the DEA Fund, and a nationwide campaign supported restitution of unclaimed assets to rightful owners.

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Corp. Laws / SEBI / IBC

SBI-led secured lenders move SC for claims from Rs 5,100 cr deposited by Sterling Biotech

March 18, 2026

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New Delhi, Mar 18 (PTI) A consortium of secured lenders including banks of Sterling Biotech Ltd of promoters Chetan and Nitin Sandesara has moved the Supreme Court for disbursal of their claim amounts from Rs 5,100 crore deposited in the apex court registry while highlighting their total outstanding against the Group companies was at Rs 19,283.77 crore.

A bench of Justices J K Maheshwari and A S Chandurkar, which on Monday took on record the joint application filed by the consortium led by the State Bank of India and while asking it to be served to Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, listed the matter for further hearing on March 23.

The banks placed on record a consolidated computation of claims across multiple Group entities and setting out the methodology adopted for the distribution of the amount.

"The applicants are the Secured Lenders of M/s. Sterling Biotech Ltd. and its Group Companies and are jointly filing the present application seeking directions for disbursal of their respective claim amounts, which stand deposited with the Registry of this court by the petitioners, in terms of the order/directions dated November 19, 2025 passed by this court," it said.

The application stated that the claims relate to exposures across 10 companies of the Sterling group, including Sterling Biotech Ltd, Sterling Oil Resources Ltd, Sterling SEZ Ltd and other domestic and overseas entities.

The lenders further stated that the claims were consolidated following a series of joint meetings, where a uniform formula was agreed upon for calculating total dues and apportioning the deposited amount.

"That joint meetings were held between the secured lender banks regarding the distribution of the claims. On January 29, 2026, in the meeting held between the secured lender banks of the group companies, it was decided to finalise the manner of submitting claims and the process of distribution of the amount of Rs 5,100 crore to the respective Secured Lender Banks on a proportionate basis in reference to the amount due to them…," it said.

According to the application, the lenders decided to aggregate all domestic and foreign currency exposures, convert foreign loans into rupees at a fixed exchange rate of Rs 63 per US dollar — reflecting the average rate in 2015 when most accounts turned non-performing — and apply a uniform interest rate of nine per cent per annum from the date of NPA, with annual rests.

Amounts already recovered through insolvency proceedings were adjusted before arriving at the final outstanding figure.

The banks further told the court that after applying this methodology, the total admitted dues across all accounts were computed at Rs 19,283.77 crore, and the Rs 5,100 crore deposited pursuant to the court's earlier order is proposed to be distributed proportionately based on each lender's share in the total dues.

Giving an example, the application stated that if the total dues of all the accounts of group companies are Rs 10,000 crore with all the banks and one company has Rs 1,000 crore dues, then this company will get a 10 per cent share in Rs 5,100 crore.

The application includes a detailed chart of individual bank exposures and their corresponding share in the distribution pool.

According to the figures placed before the court, the SBI has claimed Rs 2,664.72 crore and is set to receive Rs 695.03 crore, while UCO Bank has claimed Rs 2,980.10 crore and is to receive Rs 777.28 crore.

Further, Union Bank of India's dues of Rs 2,499.64 crore correspond to a proposed recovery of Rs 651.97 crore, and Bank of India's claim of Rs 2,235.65 crore translates to Rs 583.11 crore from the deposit.

Among other lenders, Punjab National Bank has claimed Rs 1,988.04 crore and is to receive Rs 518.53 crore, Indian Bank Rs 1,750.40 crore with a proposed share of Rs 456.55 crore, and Bank of Baroda Rs 1,581.98 crore with a corresponding allocation of Rs 482.92 crore. Indian Overseas Bank, which has computed its dues at Rs 1,257.36 crore, is set to receive Rs 327.95 crore. A similar formula was adopted for smaller exposure of funds by banks.

The banks told the bench, "It is reiterated that the aforesaid process and the methodology of distribution and the respective share of each secured lender bank have been arrived at with the consensus of the secured lenders. All the Secured lenders of SBL Group of Companies as mentioned… have accepted the said share." The application, however, states that a few lenders are yet to formally confirm their acceptance, although their dues have been computed on the same basis.

The consortium has sought the court's approval to disburse the Rs 5,100 crore in accordance with this agreed formula, with payments to be made to the respective bank accounts as detailed in the application.

On November 19 last year, the top court accepted a settlement proposal under which the Sandesara brothers agreed to deposit Rs 5,100 crore as a full and final settlement of claims arising from these proceedings.

The amount was subsequently deposited in the court registry in December 2025, following which the court gave effect to its earlier order for quashing of proceedings.

The legal dispute arose from a batch of petitions filed by the Sandesara brothers seeking quashing of multiple proceedings, including FIRs registered by the CBI, ED, cases registered under the Fugitive Economic Offenders Act, the Companies Act and the Black Money Act. PTI MNL SJK MNL KSS KSS

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