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March 25, 2026
Guidance Note - Form 9
Show AI Summary
Scientific research deduction claims depend on programme-specific Form 9 receipts, approval linkage, and statutory compliance requirements.
Form 9 is a statutory receipt for payments made towards an approved scientific research programme and links the payment stage with the approval granted in Form 8 and the sponsor's deduction claim under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025. It is issued by the designated executing institution, records sponsor details, payment particulars, programme information, approved cost, tax years and cumulative receipts, and is programme-specific. The receipt supports but does not itself establish entitlement to deduction, which remains subject to statutory compliance and verification.
March 25, 2026
FORM 9 - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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Form 9 receipt for approved scientific research payments supports deduction claims and compliance tracking.
Form 9 is the prescribed receipt for payments received towards an approved scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30. It is issued to the sponsor by the executing institution, records the payment against the approved programme in FORM 8, and supports the sponsor's deduction claim subject to compliance with the Act and Rules. The form is programme-specific, may be issued for each payment or tranche including advance payments, and captures the sponsor details, payment particulars, approved cost, approved tax years, and cumulative receipts. It is not filed with the tax department but retained as supporting evidence.
March 25, 2026
Guidance Note - Form 8
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Scientific research programme approval under tax law requires Form 8, with defined scope, cost, compliance and monitoring conditions.
Form 8 is the statutory approval order for a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) of the Income-tax Act, 2025 and Rule 30. It is issued after examination of a sponsor's Form 7 application, records the approved scope, duration, cost, tax years and conditions of the programme, and is signed by the designated authority. The approval is programme-specific, cost-specific and time-bound, while post-approval compliance includes separate books, audit, reporting, asset restrictions and final completion reporting.
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March 25, 2026
FORM 8 - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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Scientific research programme approval in FORM 8 governs tax deduction eligibility, compliance conditions, and programme-specific approval limits.
Approval in FORM 8 records the prescribed authority's sanction of a scientific research programme under section 45(3)(c) read with Rule 30, following an application in FORM 7. It is a statutory approval order, not a filing by the sponsor, and identifies the programme, approved tax years, approved total cost, and any attached conditions. FORM 8 is programme-specific and cost-specific, and deduction depends on compliance with the Act, the Rules, and post-approval obligations.
March 25, 2026
Guidance Note - Form 7
Show AI Summary
Scientific research approval through Form 7 creates a programme-specific gateway for deduction eligibility and post-approval compliance.
Prior approval for a sponsored scientific research programme is obtained through Form 7, which is the programme-specific application for approval of expenditure on scientific research carried out through a National Laboratory, University, Indian Institute of Technology or specified person. The prescribed authority examines the programme's feasibility and scientific merit, communicates approval or rejection in Form 8, and the approval is cost-specific and only a pre-condition for deduction. Post-approval compliance requires separate accounts, periodic reporting, restricted use of funds and completion reports.
March 25, 2026
FORM 7 - Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Show AI Summary
Prior approval for scientific research deduction requires FORM 7 before commencement, with strict programme-specific compliance conditions.
A sponsor seeking deduction for expenditure on a scientific research programme must furnish FORM 7 as the prescribed application for prior approval before commencement. Separate applications are required for each programme, and the form calls for details of the sponsor, the proposed research programme, its duration and estimated cost, and the executing institution. Approval may be granted only for eligible programmes carried out through specified institutions, while market research, sales promotion, routine quality control, commercial production, and routine data collection are excluded.
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March 25, 2026
Guidance Note - Form 6
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Audit report compliance for deduction claims under income-tax law requires Form 6, UDIN, and electronic verification.
Form 6 is the prescribed income-tax audit report for an assessee claiming deduction under Section 44 or Section 51 of the Income-tax Act, 2025, and must be certified by an accountant. It is to be filed electronically through the Income-tax e-Filing Portal, verified by Digital Signature Certificate, and furnished one month before the due date for the return of income for the relevant Tax Year. The form requires audit confirmation, supporting records, UDIN generation, and assessee verification for claims under both deduction provisions.
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Audit-certified deduction reporting requires electronic Form 6 filing, accountant certification, UDIN, and digital verification for qualifying expenditure claims.
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Preliminary expense disclosure in Form 5 requires electronic filing, detailed reporting, and strict compliance for income-tax deduction claims.
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Corp. Laws, SEBI & IBC

Over 1 Lakh Startups have at Least One-Woman Director/Partner Among 2.12 Lakh Recognised by DPIIT

March 17, 2026

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Government Strengthens Startup Ecosystem with Multi-Stage Funding and Support Schemes

Startup India initiative was launched on 16th January 2016, with an intent to build a strong ecosystem for nurturing innovation, startups and encouraging investments in the startup ecosystem of the country.

As on 31st January 2026, a total of 2,12,283 entities have been recognised as startups by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT). Of the total entities recognised as startups, 1,02,054 entities have at least one-woman director/partner.

As on 31st January 2026, a total of 2,12,283 entities have been recognised as startups by DPIIT. The data with respect to status of entities (active, dissolved, struck-off, etc.) is maintained by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA) on a cumulative basis. As per the MCA, 6,789 recognised startups are categorized as closed (i.e., dissolved/struck-off). Of the total number of entities which are categorized as closed (i.e., dissolved/struck-off), 2,950 have at least one-woman director/partner.

Under the Startup India initiative, the Government is implementing flagship Schemes such as Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS), Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS) and Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS) to support startups across categories at various stages of their business cycle.

FFS has been established to catalyse venture capital investments and is operationalized by Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), which provides capital to Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI)-registered Alternative Investment Funds (AIFs) which in turn invest in startups. As on 31st January 2026, supported AIFs under the Scheme have invested around Rs. 25,859 crore in selected startups. Further, from 2020 onwards, around Rs. 2,995 crore have been invested in women-led startups by AIFs under the Scheme, as on 31st January 2026.

SISFS provides financial assistance to seed stage startups through incubators. SISFS is implemented from 1st April 2021. As on 31st January 2026, selected incubators under the Scheme have approved funding of around Rs. 592 crore to selected startups, of which funds of around Rs. 294 crore have been approved to women-led startups.

CGSS is implemented for enabling debt funding to startups through eligible financial institutions. CGSS is operationalized by the National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company (NCGTC) Limited and has been operationalized from 1st  April 2023. As on 31st January 2026, loans amounting to around Rs 925 crore have been guaranteed to startup borrowers, of which loans amounting to around Rs 39 crore have been guaranteed to women-led startups.

The total number of startups selected and the total number of startups that are categorized as closed (i.e., dissolved/struck-off) as per the MCA, under the Fund of Funds for Startups (FFS), Startup India Seed Fund Scheme (SISFS), and Credit Guarantee Scheme for Startups (CGSS) are as follows:

Scheme

No.  of startups selected for

support under the Scheme as on 31st January 2026

No.  of startups supported which are categorized as closed (i.e., dissolved/struck-off) as per the MCA.

FFS

1,382

17

SISFS

3,311

26

CGSS

281

1

This information was given by Union Minister of State for Commerce and Industry Shri Jitin Prasada in Lok Sabha today.

***

ANNEXURE-I

The State/UT-wise and year-wise number of entities recognized as startups that have at least one-woman director/partner, as on 31st January 2026, are as under:

State/UT

2017

2018

2019

2020

2021

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

Andaman and Nicobar Islands

1

1

4

2

5

4

3

10

8

2

Andhra Pradesh

37

85

92

102

137

173

294

313

670

59

Arunachal Pradesh

-

-

-

-

4

5

8

5

16

-

Assam

8

28

30

53

83

122

168

170

216

24

Bihar

23

53

59

114

183

257

384

417

600

63

Chandigarh

8

10

21

27

38

36

64

49

57

4

Chhattisgarh

18

55

69

54

82

91

148

218

230

25

Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu

1

 

1

3

4

7

6

12

12

1

Delhi

240

568

671

834

1197

1283

1607

1471

1911

166

Goa

13

24

22

27

41

49

40

64

86

5

Gujarat

108

217

313

365

800

944

1431

1568

1845

184

Haryana

98

233

360

375

532

674

893

888

1250

116

Himachal Pradesh

1

6

14

12

23

56

65

74

83

12

Jammu and Kashmir

2

14

12

23

40

71

82

111

150

20

Jharkhand

16

35

37

85

89

108

172

151

207

22

Karnataka

298

536

807

757

1065

1242

1500

1629

2219

196

Kerala

49

112

267

249

398

431

534

506

736

81

Ladakh

-

-

-

1

-

1

3

2

1

-

Lakshadweep

-

-

-

1

-

-

-

-

-

-

Madhya Pradesh

32

123

150

173

264

421

622

616

846

121

Maharashtra

388

839

1110

1305

1937

2412

2913

3043

4043

386

Manipur

3

1

1

5

21

13

7

22

42

4

Meghalaya

-

1

5

-

5

5

6

11

12

-

Mizoram

-

-

-

1

1

3

6

6

6

-

Nagaland

1

1

1

3

4

3

13

21

15

-

Odisha

40

80

90

126

196

230

329

296

409

40

Puducherry

2

7

6

3

7

11

21

13

28

5

Punjab

9

35

54

72

125

147

226

219

268

31

Rajasthan

53

114

192

205

301

458

691

657

906

87

Sikkim

-

-

-

1

-

2

1

-

3

-

Tamil Nadu

105

221

318

378

591

922

1333

1341

1674

159

Telangana

134

232

306

390

520

723

919

933

1619

146

Tripura

-

1

4

10

4

13

8

20

17

4

Uttar Pradesh

174

364

449

662

1065

1303

1788

1842

2525

301

Uttarakhand

11

27

57

53

77

121

125

131

204

16

West Bengal

72

142

158

199

360

527

622

585

804

83

Total

1945

4165

5680

6670

10199

12868

17032

17414

23718

2363

ANNEXURE-II

The State/UT-wise details of the total number of entities which are categorized as closed (i.e., dissolved/struck-off) as per the MCA with at least one woman director/partner are as follows:

State/UT

No. of entities which are categorized as closed (i.e., dissolved/struck-off) with at least one woman director/partner

Andhra Pradesh

48

Assam

25

Bihar

36

Chandigarh

12

Chhattisgarh

28

Delhi

324

Goa

14

Gujarat

156

Haryana

133

Himachal Pradesh

7

Jammu and Kashmir

16

Jharkhand

24

Karnataka

384

Kerala

97

Madhya Pradesh

81

Maharashtra

586

Manipur

4

Meghalaya

1

Mizoram

1

Nagaland

2

Odisha

49

Puducherry

6

Punjab

29

Rajasthan

95

Tamil Nadu

173

Telangana

176

Tripura

5

Uttar Pradesh

303

Uttarakhand

19

West Bengal

116

Total

2950

ANNEXURE-III

The year-wise details of funds invested in startups by AIFs supported under the FFS, as on 31st January 2026, are as under:

Year

Amount invested by selected AIFs in startups (in Rs. crore)

Amount invested by selected AIFs in women-led startups (in Rs. crore)*

2017

343.52

-

2018

676.84

-

2019

1623.56

-

2020

2066.89

333.96

2021

3491.10

576.14

2022

5973.40

430.72

2023

3292.10

57.24

2024

3809.20

616.82

2025

4271.60

914.47

2026

311.40

65.79

*Note: Data on investment in women-led startups is available from 2020.

ANNEXURE-IV

The year-wise details of funds approved to startups by incubators selected under the SISFS, as on 31st January 2026, are as under:

Year

Amount approved to startups by selected incubators (in Rs. crore)

Amount approved to women-led startups by selected incubators (in Rs. crore)

2021

27.59

14.05

2022

111.78

53.74

2023

175.98

87.43

2024

165.83

84.22

2025

110.04

54.52

2026

0.9

0.79

ANNEXURE-V

The year-wise details of loans guaranteed to startups under the CGSS, as on 31st January 2026, are as under:

Year

Amount of loans guaranteed to startups (in Rs. crore)

Amount of loans guaranteed to women-led startups (in Rs. crore)

2023

220.78

13.6

2024

381.08

13.44

2025

206.32

10.18

2026

117.72

2

 

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