<h1>CSR compliance obligations: statutory penalties apply for company and officer defaults, enforcement follows Companies Act procedures.</h1> The statutory CSR regime obliges certain profitable companies to allocate prescribed portions of profit to CSR; boards decide amounts and projects, and both companies and officers in default face penalties under the Companies Act and CSR Rules. Enforcement is initiated after examination and due process upon reported violations, and while the ministry may request companies to undertake projects in particular states, directing board spending raises legal limits.