<h1>Force majeure declarations disrupt oil and gas contractual supply chains, creating carriage, insurance and performance risks for parties.</h1> Strikes and security-driven closures have caused shutdowns at major oil and gas terminals, pipelines and refineries, leading suppliers to invoke force majeure and creating contractual, insurance and logistical challenges. The effective closure of a maritime chokepoint and targeted attacks on alternative export terminals have increased carriage and routing risks, while storage constraints have forced producers to suspend output; once shut in, restart may take weeks or months, affecting mitigation, notice and performance obligations. State regulatory orders may create legal bases for interruption separate from force majeure.