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    Minutes of the Monetary Policy Committee Meeting, February 4 to 6, 2026 [Under Section 45ZL of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934]
    US trade deal has become an ordeal: Congress slams PM Modi
    Nothing changes, India will be paying tariffs; we will not be paying tariffs: Trump after SC ruling
    Trump seethes over Supreme Court justices who opposed him on tariffs, especially those he appointed
    The Latest: Trump says he'll sign executive order to enact 10 per cent global tariff
    Which Trump tariffs did Supreme Court strike down? Here's what to know
    The Latest: Trump addresses press after Supreme Court strikes down his sweeping tariffs
    No change in trade deal with India; it is on: Trump after SC verdict
    Trump says he used tariffs to end war between India, Pakistan as he lashes out at US Supreme Court verdict
    Trump says he'll sign executive order to enact 10 per cent global tariff after US Supreme Court defeat,
    Trump says he's 'absolutely ashamed' of US Supreme Court justices who issued 'deeply disappointing'  tariff decision
    Congress slams govt for agreeing to trade deal after US Supreme Court strikes down Trump's tariffs
    Refunds may be available on some tariffs applied to goods from India: US Chamber of Commerce after SC ruling
    What to know about the Supreme Court ruling on tariffs
    Trump's made tariffs central to his presidency, chaos may come next
    The Supreme Court struck down some of Trump's most sweeping tariffs; Which levies are impacted?
    'Walking away' from recent deals does not seem to be in cards for America's partners: Ex-trade official
    Exporters hail US Supreme Court's decision on Trump tariff
    Trump has other tariff options after Supreme Court strikes down his worldwide import taxes
    SC ruling on Trump's tariffs: Judge refers to tariffs imposed on India for buying Russian oil in dissenting note
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February 21, 2026
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Policy repo rate unchanged; MPC retains neutral stance as inflation stays benign while growth outlook strengthens.
Under Section 45ZL the MPC's minutes record a unanimous decision to keep the policy repo rate unchanged and to retain the neutral stance after reviewing staff projections, surveys and alternative risk scenarios. The committee judged growth prospects to have strengthened while headline inflation remains benign though modestly revised upward for near quarters due mainly to precious metals; risks to the outlook are broadly balanced and policy will be guided by incoming data and the progress of transmission.
February 21, 2026
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Constitutional limits on presidential tariff power overturned global tariffs, reshaping the interim India-US trade deal consequences.
The US Supreme Court invalidated the President's global tariffs imposed under emergency powers, finding tariff authority lies with Congress; the decision undercuts executive unilateral tariff measures. The India-US interim agreement saw an Executive Order lifting prior punitive tariffs in return for India's energy purchasing commitments, and a reduced reciprocal tariff rate was agreed. Indian political opposition alleges the deal's timing reflected executive haste that risked sovereign bargaining leverage and domestic agricultural interests.
February 21, 2026
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Presidential tariff authority curtailed; temporary global import duty imposed to rebalance trade while India trade framework remains intact.
The Supreme Court held that the President exceeded authority in imposing sweeping tariffs; in response the President signed a Proclamation imposing a temporary import duty to address international payments problems and rebalance trade relationships, effective on a specified date for a limited period. The President stated that an interim trade framework with India remains in place, removing certain punitive tariffs on India under an Executive Order while asserting India will assume tariff obligations under the bilateral arrangement.
February 21, 2026
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Emergency powers tariffs invalidation prompts presidential denunciation of justices and raises separation of powers and institutional independence debate.
Six justices invalidated presidential global tariffs imposed under an asserted emergency powers statute, framing the central legal question as the permissible scope of executive authority to impose trade restrictions without clear congressional authorization, and the litigation tested statutory delegation, administrative action in the trade context, and judicial review of national-security framed economic measures.
February 21, 2026
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Emergency power limits prompt alternative executive tariff action, raising concerns about agriculture costs and trade uncertainty.
The Supreme Court invalidated a presidential tariff framework as an unlawful exercise of emergency power, leading the president to announce use of alternative executive authority to impose a temporary global tariff. Stakeholders warned that further tariff actions or use of other authorities would increase agricultural input costs and create trade uncertainty, while business groups said ties with trade partners remain intact despite the disruption.
February 21, 2026
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Presidential emergency powers curtailed as court invalidates broad tariffs imposed under IEEPA, overturning central global levies.
The Supreme Court found the President exceeded authority under the International Emergency Economic Powers Act by using IEEPA to impose broad tariffs, invalidating core IEEPA-based measures including the Liberation Day global tariff framework and subsequent trafficking and country-specific levies on Canada, Mexico, China, Brazil and India; sectoral and non-IEEPA tariffs remain in place while the executive considers alternative measures.
February 21, 2026
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Executive emergency tariff authority limited, prompting administration to pursue alternative statutory bases for imposing tariffs.
The Supreme Court concluded that the Constitution vests the taxing power in Congress and that the emergency statute invoked by the Executive does not authorize imposition of tariffs as revenue measures, constraining executive emergency tariff authority; the administration plans to rely on alternative statutory bases to replace the invalidated tariffs.
February 21, 2026
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Tariff policy remains central as the India trade arrangement continues despite judicial limits on tariff authority.
President Trump stated the bilateral trade arrangement with India remains in effect after the Supreme Court invalidated his broad tariffs, noting an Executive Order rescinded punitive tariffs on Indian oil imports from Russia and an Interim Agreement framework reduces reciprocal U.S. tariff treatment toward India while maintaining tariffs on Indian imports under the new terms; he framed tariffs as leverage for energy-sourcing commitments and de-escalation between India and Pakistan.
February 21, 2026
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IEEPA authority rejected, limiting tariff powers while administration decries the decision and cites geopolitical effects.
The Supreme Court held that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize imposition of duties, constraining executive authority to impose tariffs under national emergencies; the President criticized the ruling and reiterated that tariffs were used as a foreign policy tool to end hostilities between India and Pakistan, a claim denied by India which attributes cessation to direct military talks.
February 21, 2026
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Global tariff authority challenged after court invalidated emergency-use tariffs; president plans executive-order, time-limited alternative.
A judicial body invalidated a broad presidential program of global tariffs as an unlawful exercise of emergency power, eliminating the administration's primary emergency-based mechanism for imposing unilateral worldwide duties. The president announced intent to use an alternative statutory authority via executive order that would impose time-limited tariffs restricted to 150 days, signaling a shift to a different administrative vehicle for trade measures.
February 21, 2026
Show AI Summary
Emergency powers invalidation limits executive authority to impose unilateral tariffs, nullifying sweeping reciprocal import duties.
The executive's imposition of sweeping "reciprocal" import duties under a claimed emergency powers statute was found unlawful; the tariffs were invalidated because setting import duties required clear congressional authorization rather than unilateral emergency proclamations, signaling a legal limit on executive authority to alter statutory tariff schemes by emergency declaration.
February 21, 2026
Show AI Summary
Judicial review of emergency tariff powers restores congressional tariff authority, affecting recently announced India-US trade concessions.
The US Supreme Court struck down President Trump's global tariffs imposed under emergency powers, finding tariff authority lies with Congress, thereby removing the legal basis for those sweeping reciprocal tariffs. Indian opposition leaders contend that a recently announced India-US trade framework contained concessions extracted while the tariffs were assumed valid, and they seek clarity on whether those commitments-covering tariff eliminations, import targets, energy sourcing, and non tariff barrier commitments-will persist or be revisited following the judgment.
February 20, 2026
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IEEPA authority invalidated - certain IEEPA based tariffs now refundable to importers who directly paid them.
IEEPA based tariffs were deemed impermissible, allowing refunds only to US importers of record or consignees who directly paid tariffs. Eligible tariffs include IEEPA imposed levies commonly termed fentanyl, trafficking, reciprocal or baseline tariffs, including certain tariffs on goods from Brazil and India. Refunds exclude duties imposed under other statutory authorities such as anti dumping, countervailing, trade remedy or national security provisions. The administrative procedure and timing for claims remain uncertain pending further court and executive guidance.
February 20, 2026
Show AI Summary
Presidential emergency powers limited: IEEPA cannot be used to impose broad import tariffs, leaving refund questions open.
The Supreme Court concluded that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the president to impose broad import tariffs, stressing that authority to levy taxes and tariffs rests with Congress and that longstanding practice shows such power has not been exercised under IEEPA. The opinion invalidates tariffs enacted under emergency proclamations while leaving untouched tariffs based on other statutory grounds, and it leaves unresolved whether and how refunds should be returned to importers who paid the challenged levies.
February 20, 2026
Show AI Summary
Presidential emergency tariff power invalidated, forcing alternative legal routes and prolonging trade and political uncertainty.
The Court held the president lacked authority to declare an economic emergency and impose sweeping import tariffs, removing an executive legal basis for those tariffs and forcing the administration to pursue alternative statutory mechanisms, which will prolong legal and political debate over trade policy.
February 20, 2026
Show AI Summary
IEEPA authority curtailed: major emergency based tariffs invalidated, leaving sectoral trade measures and exemptions intact.
The President exceeded statutory authority by invoking IEEPA to impose broad import tariffs, nullifying core emergency based levies. Affected measures include the wide ranging "Liberation Day" tariffs, trafficking justified duties on Canada, Mexico and China, Brazil linked duties, and India related levies tied to Russian oil purchases. The decision removes the IEEPA route for economy wide tariffs but leaves intact sectoral and statute specific tools that continue to impose tariffs on selected industries and products.
February 20, 2026
Show AI Summary
IEEPA authority struck down; partners unlikely to abandon recent tariff deals, administration to rely on other statutes.
The Supreme Court invalidated reliance on the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA) to impose broad tariffs, finding IEEPA does not authorize such duties. Observers anticipate the Administration will instead invoke clear congressional tariff statutes and that trading partners who made recent deals are unlikely to withdraw them, having expected alternative statutory mechanisms to keep tariffs in place.
February 20, 2026
Show AI Summary
Emergency-powers tariff invalidation restores trade predictability for exporters, but sectoral steel and aluminium duties remain in force.
The US Supreme Court invalidated country-specific reciprocal tariffs imposed under emergency powers, restoring predictability for exporters and enabling importers to seek refunds for duties paid under the invalidated regime, while separate sector-specific duties on steel, aluminium and certain auto components remain in force.
February 20, 2026
Show AI Summary
Tariff authority options: multiple statutory pathways remain for imposing import duties despite limits on emergency powers.
After the court rejected the administration's emergency-based authority for sweeping reciprocal tariffs, the president can still impose import duties using alternative statutes: the Trade Act unfair-practices authority permitting unlimited tariffs after investigation and hearings; the Trade Act provision for addressing unbalanced trade that allows time-limited tariffs without prior investigation but is untested; the national-security tariff authority under the Trade Expansion Act which requires Commerce investigations; and a rarely used Tariff Act depression-era authorisation that allows very high, indefinite tariffs without investigation.
February 20, 2026
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IEEPA authority questioned as tariffs ruled unauthorized; dissent stresses tariffs' foreign affairs leverage, including India example.
The decision holds that the International Emergency Economic Powers Act does not authorize the imposition of import duties, rejecting the use of IEEPA as a statutory basis for tariffs; a dissent argued such tariffs fall within foreign affairs practice, serve as leverage in international negotiations, and cautioned against applying a major questions constraint to executive statutory authority in national security and diplomatic contexts.

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Customs & Trade

US trade deal has become an ordeal: Congress slams PM Modi

February 21, 2026

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New Delhi, Feb 21 (PTI) As the US Supreme Court struck down President Donald Trump's global tariffs, the Congress on Saturday alleged that the India-US interim trade deal is an "ordeal" the country is being subjected to by Prime Minister Narendra Modi's "desperation and surrender".

Congress general secretary in-charge communications Jairam Ramesh also claimed that if Prime Minister Modi had not been so "desperate" to protect his fragile image and waited just 18 days more, Indian farmers would have been saved their agony and distress, and Indian sovereignty would have been protected.

"Yesterday after the US Supreme Court struck down his tariffs policy, President Trump declared that (i) Mr. Modi is his great friend; (ii) the India-US trade deal will continue as announced; (iii) he had personally halted Operation Sindoor on May 10 2025 by threatening to increase tariffs on Indian exports to the US if India did not halt Operation Sindoor," Ramesh said on X.

On February 2 2026, President Trump was the first to announce that the India-US trade deal had been finalised and said that "out of friendship and respect for Prime Minister Modi and, as per his request, effective immediately, we agreed to a trade deal between the United States and India", the Congress leader said.

"What forced Prime Minister Modi to ensure President Trump announced the India-US trade deal in the night of February 2...?" Ramesh asked. "What had happened in the Lok Sabha that afternoon that had compelled Mr. Modi to get so desperate and reach out to his good friend in the White House to create a diversion?" "The India-US trade deal is really an ordeal that India is being subjected to by the Prime Minister's desperation and surrender," he said.

His remarks came after Donald Trump said there is no change in the trade deal with India and emphasised that "the India deal is on".

"I think my relationship with India is fantastic and we're doing trade with India. India pulled out of Russia. India was getting its oil from Russia. And they pulled way back at my request, because we want to settle that horrible war where 25,000 people are dying every month," Trump said at a news conference Friday in the White House hours after the US Supreme Court struck down his sweeping tariffs.

Trump said his relationship with Prime Minister Narendra Modi is great. He then went on to repeat the claim that he stopped the war between India and Pakistan last summer using tariffs.

Earlier this month, as the US and India announced they reached a framework for an Interim Agreement on trade, Trump issued an Executive Order removing the 25 per cent punitive tariffs imposed on India for its purchases of Russian oil, with the US President noting the commitment by New Delhi to stop directly or indirectly importing energy from Moscow and purchase American energy products.

Under the trade deal, Washington will charge a reduced reciprocal tariff on New Delhi, lowering it from 25 per cent to 18 per cent.

When asked about the deal with India, Trump said, "Nothing changes. They'll be paying tariffs, and we will not be paying tariffs. So deal with India is they pay tariffs. This is a reversal for what it used to be, as you know, India and I think Prime Minister Modi is a great gentleman, a great man, actually, but he was much smarter than the people that he was against in terms of the United States, he was ripping us off.

"So we made a deal with India. It's a fair deal now, and we are not paying tariffs to them, and they are paying tariffs. We did a little flip," Trump said.

The Congress on Friday hailed the US Supreme Court decision striking down President Donald Trump's global tariffs and said India may not have found itself cornered into a "one-sided" trade deal had the government waited just 18 more days.

In a post on X, Ramesh had said, "Hats off to the US Supreme Court for striking down President Trump's entire tariff strategy! Quite an amazing decision given its ideological composition.

"A 6-3 verdict is decisive. The American system of checks and balances still seems to be working," he said.

The US Supreme Court on Friday struck down President Donald Trump's far-reaching global tariffs, handing him a significant loss on an issue crucial to his economic agenda.

The 6-3 decision centred on tariffs imposed under an emergency powers law, including the sweeping reciprocal tariffs Trump levied on nearly every other country.

The majority found that the Constitution very clearly gives the Congress the power to impose taxes, which include tariffs. PTI ASK SKY SKY

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