<h1>Russian oil exports face sanctions, shipping bans and tariffs, sharply reducing revenues and prompting higher taxes and borrowing.</h1> Sanctions on major oil producers, bans on refined products and shipping restrictions, plus interdictions of shadow tankers, have cut export receipts by widening discounts on Russian crude and disrupting payment and logistics channels; in turn, the government has raised taxes and increased borrowing to offset lost oil-related tax revenues.