Bilateral trade agreement implementation supports expanded trade, investment and strategic cooperation through technology, security, clean energy and community links. The India-UK Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement was identified as a framework for expanding bilateral trade and investment opportunities following its operationalisation. The two governments proposed closer cooperation to use the agreement for shared prosperity, while advancing their comprehensive strategic partnership through technology, innovation, defence, security, clean energy, education and people-to-people links.
Sectoral bank credit growth reflects broad-based expansion across industry, services, agriculture and personal loans, with slower credit-card growth. Sectoral bank credit growth accelerated across non-food lending, agriculture, industry, services and personal loans. Industrial credit expanded across micro and small, medium and large enterprises, with strong lending to infrastructure, engineering, food processing, textiles, construction, metals, petroleum-related products and chemical products. Services lending was supported by non-banking financial companies, commercial real estate and trade. Vehicle and housing loans maintained double-digit growth, while credit-card outstanding growth decelerated.
Biometric identification of protesters through alleged fingerprint-Aadhaar linkage was described alongside criminal-background profiling and database creation. Biometric identification of protesters through fingerprints recovered from alleged stone-pelting evidence was publicly described as a proposed investigative method. A minister stated that fingerprints allegedly found on stones would be linked with Aadhaar numbers to identify participants and examine their prior records. The account also referred to analysis and categorisation of detained protesters' criminal backgrounds, creation of a separate database, and proposed action against participants described as anti-social elements or persons with criminal records.
Offshore hydrocarbon exploration support funds high-risk deepwater drilling, shared infrastructure and data acquisition to strengthen domestic energy production. The National Offshore Exploration Scheme provides public support for deepwater and ultra-deepwater oil and gas exploration, including seismic and offshore data acquisition, exploratory drilling in frontier basins, and common production and evacuation infrastructure. It addresses the high cost and geological uncertainty of offshore drilling and includes technology adoption, digital programme management, capacity building and collaboration measures. The scheme seeks to expand domestic hydrocarbon discoveries and production, attract investment across the exploration and production value chain, and reduce reliance on imported oil and gas.
Foreign exchange reserves increased as foreign currency assets and gold holdings rose, alongside measures to attract forex inflows. India's foreign exchange reserves increased during the reporting week, principally because foreign currency assets and gold reserves rose. Foreign currency assets, expressed in United States dollar terms, include valuation effects from movements in currencies such as the euro, pound and yen. Special Drawing Rights and the reserve position with the International Monetary Fund declined. Measures including the FCNR(B) measure were reported as efforts to attract foreign-exchange inflows following rupee pressure and dollar-sales intervention.
Digital marketplace access for women's self-help group products expands e-commerce opportunities while panchayat-level citizen services are strengthened. Digital marketplace access for women's self-help group products is proposed through a memorandum of understanding between CSC eStore and the Jharkhand State Livelihood Promotion Society. Products marketed under the 'Palash' and 'Adiva' brands are intended to be offered through an e-commerce network to widen market access, support rural women's income and entrepreneurship, and strengthen the rural economy. Digital panchayat services are also being expanded through Common Service Centres, including banking, e-governance and Aadhaar-related services.
Agricultural export facilitation expands market access for late-season mangoes through farmer aggregation and direct global market linkages. Agricultural export facilitation enabled an air shipment of late-season Neelam and Totapuri mangoes to an international market, expanding market access and extending the mango export season. Direct sourcing through a Farmer Producer Company supported organised aggregation, quality produce, and export-oriented supply chains. Direct procurement and export market linkages enabled participating farmers to realise higher returns than conventional market channels while promoting horticultural export diversification.
Cross-border digital payment integration enables real-time Favara transfers from Maldives mobile banking applications to UPI-enabled accounts in India. Cross-border digital payment integration between Favara and UPI enables individuals in the Maldives to make real-time person-to-person transfers to UPI-enabled bank accounts in India through mobile banking applications. Transfers are initiated in Maldivian Rufiyaa and credited in Indian Rupees. The initial service is available through participating Maldivian banks. Permitted remittances include family-maintenance transfers under foreign inward and outward remittance categories, and gift-related transfers under foreign outward remittance. Future phases are intended to introduce QR-based merchant payments and other digital payment services.
Procedural Fair Hearing in competition inquiries requires notice when the Commission departs from investigative findings before imposing action. Competition law procedure requires the Competition Commission to notify and hear an opposite party when departing from the Director General's findings. The penalty order concerning alleged abuse of dominance in viscose staple fibre supply was set aside because Grasim Industries was not given an opportunity to respond to the Commission's disagreement with the investigative findings. The matter was remanded for fresh, time-bound consideration without a finding on the merits.
Manufacturing contraction highlights weak domestic demand, property-sector pressure and continued reliance on technology-related exports for economic growth. Manufacturing activity in China contracted in July, as the official purchasing managers' index fell below the expansion threshold and new orders and production declined. Weak domestic demand, lower building activity and possible typhoon-related disruptions contributed to the slowdown. Consumer spending, investment and property-sector weakness continue to affect confidence, while technology-related exports support growth. Policy commitments include strengthening domestic consumption amid continued reliance on exports.
Public-private partnership airport development strengthens aviation, cargo logistics, export infrastructure and sustainable connectivity through an integrated international airport project. The Bhogapuram airport project is being implemented under a Public-Private Partnership through the Design, Build, Finance, Operate and Transfer framework. It has obtained required aerodrome, safety, fire and environmental clearances and includes infrastructure for domestic and international aviation, passenger processing and airport security. Cargo and cold-chain facilities are intended to support exports and logistics integration, while recycled-water use and LEED Platinum standards form part of the project's sustainability features.
Rupee appreciation against the US dollar continued as foreign inflows and lower crude prices supported domestic currency markets. Rupee appreciation against the US dollar continued in early trading, supported by foreign capital inflows and lower global crude oil prices. A stronger US dollar constrained further appreciation, while expectations of continued Reserve Bank of India intervention were cited as supporting the rupee. Declining Brent crude prices, gains in domestic equity indices and net foreign institutional investment in equities were also identified as relevant market factors.
Value-added Makhana exports expand international market access, support quality compliance, and improve farmer returns through processing and branding. Agricultural export facilitation supported the first sea shipment of value-added flavoured Makhana from Bihar to Canada. Processed and packaged to international quality and food-safety standards, the export demonstrates the role of processing, value addition and export-oriented manufacturing in expanding overseas market access. The initiative is stated to improve farmer returns through value addition, while capacity building, export infrastructure, quality compliance, market linkages and stakeholder collaboration support the agri-export ecosystem.
Market access for Indian pharmaceuticals remains central to bilateral efforts to promote sustainable trade and economic cooperation. Enhanced market access for Indian products, particularly pharmaceuticals, was raised in discussions aimed at strengthening bilateral trade and economic ties. The discussions addressed sustainable trade, and the sides agreed to increase mutual cooperation and communication. India continues to seek greater access to China's information technology, pharmaceutical and agricultural sectors, while pursuing increased pharmaceutical exports and Chinese investment. Bilateral trade increased, but India's trade deficit widened, reflecting an ongoing imbalance in trade flows.
Money laundering asset attachment targets overseas bank deposits linked to alleged loan fraud and fugitive economic offenders. Provisional attachment under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act was reported against Singapore bank deposits held by a company promoter and associated entities in an alleged loan-fraud and money-laundering investigation. The underlying case arises from allegations of fraud, criminal misappropriation, criminal breach of trust and cheating affecting a consortium of lending banks. Service of the attachment order was reported through mutual legal-assistance arrangements, and the promoters had reportedly been declared fugitive economic offenders.
Deposit interest rate uniformity requires equal rates for similar deposits, while allowing risk-based differentiation for bulk deposits. Banks must apply uniform deposit interest rates across branches and customers for similar deposit amounts accepted on the same date, without discrimination. Rates payable, including for bulk deposits, must strictly follow schedules disclosed in advance on bank websites. Bulk deposit rates must be published each business day at 10:00 am, subject to a short permitted delay. Differentiated bulk-deposit rates may be offered based on applicable differential run-off rates under the Liquidity Coverage Ratio framework.
Supply-chain continuity measures prioritise energy, fertiliser and seafarer protection amid conflict-driven disruptions across critical maritime transit routes. Supply-chain continuity and energy security measures were reviewed in response to geopolitical conflicts disrupting maritime transit routes and imports. Measures included diversification of LPG procurement, maintenance of petroleum stocks, expansion of PNG, gas-grid, LNG and city-gas infrastructure, and pipeline connectivity approvals. Fertiliser requirements and alternative procurement sources were considered to ensure uninterrupted supply. A unified monitoring mechanism and support arrangements for seafarers, including timely information, emergency assistance and counselling, were directed to protect citizens, economic interests and the Indian diaspora.
Property digital identity framework proposed through comprehensive surveys, floor-level records, and unique cards to improve ownership verification. The proposed Delhi Land Records Bill, 2026 contemplates a digital land-records framework requiring scientific surveys of every property, comprehensive authenticated digital records and a unique Property Aadhaar Card. The proposed system would cover rural and urban residential, commercial and other properties, including floor-level records for buildings. It is intended to improve ownership verification, property transactions, inheritance, loan access, building-plan approvals and transparency in land records.
Supply-chain resilience amid maritime conflict drives measures to protect energy imports, fertiliser supplies, seafarers and overseas citizens. Supply-chain continuity was reviewed in response to conflicts affecting maritime routes through the Strait of Hormuz, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. The concerns included disruptions to imports of petroleum, natural gas, fertilisers and other essential goods, risks to ships and seafarers, and the safety of Indian citizens in conflict areas. Measures were considered to maintain uninterrupted imports, protect economic interests and address constraints affecting critical energy and trade corridors.
Economic growth and persistent inflation shaped slower output, import pressures, and continued interest-rate restraint despite resilient consumer spending. United States economic growth slowed in the second quarter as increased imports reduced gross domestic product growth, despite stronger consumer spending and business investment linked to artificial intelligence. The preferred inflation measure moderated but remained above the central bank's target, with core consumer prices showing limited change. The benchmark interest rate was retained for a fifth consecutive meeting, though some regional presidents supported an increase to address elevated inflation. Employment growth and consumer spending continued to support economic resilience amid high living costs and energy-price pressures.
The Government has been concerned about the impact of the global financial crisis on the Indian economy and a number of steps have been taken to deal with this problem.
The first priority was to re-assure the people of the stability of the financial system in general and of the safety of bank deposits in particular. To this end, steps were taken to infuse liquidity into the banking system and also to address problems being faced by various non-bank financing companies. These steps have ensured that the financial system is functioning effectively without suffering the kind of loss of confidence experienced in the industrialised world.
Having assured stability of the system, the Government has focussed its attention on countering the impact of the global recession on India's economic growth. On the monetary side, the RBI has sought to pump sufficient liquidity into the banking system to enable bank credit to meet the expanded requirements of the economy keeping in mind the contraction in credit from non-bank sources. Banks have been provided adequate liquidity through a series of reductions in the CRR and additional flexibility in meeting the SLR requirement. Interest rate reductions have also been signalled by reductions in the repo and reverse repo rates, the most recent of which was announced on Saturday when both the repo rate and the reverse repo rate were cut by 100 basis points. Access to external commercial borrowings has also been liberalised so that borrowers capable of accessing funds from abroad are allowed to do so. The banks are being encouraged to counter what might otherwise become self-fulfilling negative expectations by enhanced lending to support economic activity.
These measures in the area of money and credit are being supplemented by fiscal measures designed to stimulate the economy. In recognition of the need for a fiscal stimulus, the government had consciously allowed the fiscal deficit to expand beyond the originally targeted level because of the loan waivers, issue of oil and fertilizer bonds and higher levels of food subsidy. In addition, the following steps are being taken:
1. Plan Expenditure:
In order to provide a contra-cyclical stimulus via plan expenditure, the Government has decided to seek authorisation for additional plan expenditure of upto Rs 20,000 crore in the current year. In addition, steps are being taken to ensure full utilisation of funds already provided, so that the pace of expenditure is maintained. The total spending programme in the balance four months of the current fiscal year, taking plan and non-plan expenditure together is expected to be Rs.300,000 crore.
The economy will continue to need stimulus in 2009-2010 also and this can be achieved by ensuring a substantial increase in plan expenditure as part of the budget for next year.
2. Reduction in Cenvat:
As an immediate measure to encourage additional spending, an across-the-board cut of 4% in the ad valorem Cenvat rate will be effected for the balance part of the current financial year on all products other than petroleum and those where the current rate is less than 4%.
3. Measures to Support Exports
i) Pre and post-shipment export credit for labour intensive exports, i.e., textiles (including handlooms, carpets and handicrafts), leather, gems & jewellery, marine products and SME sector is being made more attractive by providing an interest subvention of 2 percent upto 31/3/2009 subject to minimum rate of interest of 7 percent per annum
ii) Additional funds of Rs.1100 crore will be provided to ensure full refund of Terminal Excise duty/CST.
iii) An additional allocation for export incentive schemes of Rs.350 crore will be made.
iv) Government back-up guarantee will be made available to ECGC to the extent of Rs.350 crore to enable it to provide guarantees for exports to difficult markets/products.
v) Exporters will be allowed refund of service tax on foreign agent commissions of upto 10 percent of FOB value of exports. They will also be allowed refund of service tax on output services while availing of benefits under Duty Drawback Scheme.
4. Housing
Housing is a potentially very important source of employment and demand for critical sectors and there is a large unmet need for housing in the country, especially for middle and low income groups. The Reserve Bank has announced that it will shortly put in place a refinance facility of Rs.4000 crore for the National Housing Bank. In addition, one of the areas where plan expenditure can be increased relatively easily is the Indira Awas Yojana. As a further measure of support for this sector public sector banks will shortly announce a package for borrowers of home loans in two categories: (1) upto Rs.5 lakhs and (2) Rs 5 lakh-Rs 20 lakh. This sector will be kept under a close watch and additional measures would be taken as necessary to promote an accelerated growth trajectory.
5. MSME Sector
The Government attaches the highest priority to supporting the medium, small and micro enterprises (MSMEs) sector which is critical for employment generation. To facilitate the flow of credit to MSMEs, RBI has announced a refinance facility of Rs.7000 crore for SIDBI which will be available to support incremental lending, either directly to MSMEs or indirectly via banks, NBFCs and SFCs. In addition, the following steps are being taken.
(a) To boost collateral free lending, the current guarantee cover under Credit Guarantee Scheme for Micro and Small enterprises on loans will be extended from Rs.50 lakh to Rs.1 crore with guarantee cover of 50 percent.
(b) The lock in period for loans covered under the existing credit guarantee scheme will be reduced from 24 to 18 months, to encourage banks to cover more loans under the guarantee scheme.
(c) Government will issue an advisory to Central Public Sector Enterprises and request State Public Sector Enterprises to ensure prompt payment of bills of MSMEs. Easing of credit conditions generally should help PSUs to make such payments on schedule.
6. Textiles
(a) An additional allocation of Rs.1400 crore will be made to clear the entire backlog in TUF Scheme.
(b) All items of handicrafts will be included under 'Vishesh Krishi & Gram Udyog Yojana'.
7. Infrastructure Financing
A large number of infrastructure projects are now being cleared for implementation in the Public Private Partnership mode. These projects may experience difficulty in reaching financial closure given the current uncertainties in the financial world. In order to support financing of such projects, Government has decided to authorise the India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited (IIFCL) to raise Rs.10,000 crore through tax-free bonds by 31/3/2009. These funds will be used by IIFCL to refinance bank lending of longer maturity to eligible infrastructure projects, particularly in highways and port sectors. In this way it is expected that IIFCL resources used for refinance can leverage bank financing of double the amount. Depending on need, IIFCL will be permitted to raise further resources by issue of such bonds. In particular, these initiatives will support a PPP programme of Rs.100,000 crore in the highways sector.
8. Others
(a) Government departments will be allowed to take up replacement of government vehicles within the allowed budget, in relaxation of extant economy instructions.
(b) Import Duty on Naphtha for use in the power sector will be eliminated.
(c) Export duty on iron ore fines will be eliminated and on lumps will be reduced to 5%.
The Government is keeping a close watch on the evolving economic situation and will not hesitate to take any additional steps that may be needed to counter recessionary trends and maintain the pace of economic activity.
Fiscal stimulus expands public expenditure and tax relief to sustain credit flow and support exports and MSMEs.
The Government announced monetary measures to ensure bank liquidity and credit supply via reduced reserve requirements, lower policy rates, SLR flexibility and liberalised external borrowings, together with fiscal stimulus through increased plan expenditure authorisation, a temporary across the board 4% cut in ad valorem Cenvat for most products, targeted export supports including interest subvention and enhanced refunds and guarantees, housing refinance facilities and bank packages for home loans, expanded MSME refinance and credit guarantee provisions, and IIFCL authorisation to raise tax free bonds for infrastructure refinancing.
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