Washington, Aug 28 (AP) The US economy rebounded this spring from a first-quarter downturn caused by fallout from President Donald Trump's trade wars.

In an upgrade from its first estimate, the Commerce Department said Thursday that US gross domestic product — the nation's output of goods and services — expanded at a 3.3 per cent annual pace from April through June after shrinking 0.5 per cent in the first three months of 2025. The department had initially estimated second-quarter growth at 3 per cent.

The first-quarter GDP drop, the first retreat of the US economy in three years, was mainly caused by a surge in imports — which are subtracted from GDP — as businesses scrambled to bring in foreign goods ahead of Trump's tariffs. That trend reversed as expected in the second quarter: Imports fell at a 29.8 per cent pace, boosting April-June growth by more than 5 percentage points.

The Commerce Department reported that consumer spending and private investment were a bit stronger in the second quarter than it had first estimated.

Consumer spending, which accounts for about 70 per cent of GDP, grew at a 1.6 per cent annual pace, lackluster but better than 0.5 per cent in the first quarter and the 1.4 per cent the government initially estimated for the second.

Even with an upward revision, private investment dropped at a 13.8 per cent annual pace from April through June. That would be biggest drop since the second quarter of 2020 at the height of the coronavirus pandemic. A reduction in private inventories cut almost 3.3 percentage points off second-quarter GDP growth.

Spending and investment by the federal government fell at a 4.7 per cent annual clip on top of a 4.6 per cent drop in the first quarter.

A category within the GDP data that measures the economy's underlying strength came in stronger than first reported, growing 1.9 per cent from April-June, same as in the first quarter. This category includes consumer spending and private investment but excludes volatile items like exports, inventories and government spending.

Since returning to the White House, Trump has overturned decades of US policy that had favoured freer trade. He's slapped double-digit taxes on imports from almost every country on earth and targeted specific products for tariffs, too, including steel, aluminum and autos.

Trump sees tariffs as a way to protect American industry, lure factories back to the United States and help pay for the massive tax cuts he signed into law July 4.

But mainstream economists — viewed with disdain by Trump and his advisers — say that his tariffs will damage the economy, raising costs and making protected US companies less efficient. They note that tariffs are paid by importers in the United States, who try to pass along the cost to their customers via higher prices. Therefore, tariffs can be inflationary — though their impact so far has been modest.

The erratic way Trump has imposed the tariffs — announcing and suspending them, then coming up with new ones — has left businesses bewildered and uncertain about investments and hiring. (AP) RD RD

Economic growth rebounds after import declines boost second-quarter output; consumer spending steadier but investment remains weak. US real GDP was revised up to a higher annualized pace for the second quarter as a sharp decline in imports-after prior import surges ahead of tariffs-boosted measured output; consumer spending was modestly stronger, private investment and inventories contracted, federal spending fell, and a core measure of underlying activity showed steadier growth.