<h1>Abuse of dominance in app distribution: mandatory billing and anti steering rules found anticompetitive, prompting remedial measures.</h1> The Commission found that conditioning Play Store access on mandatory use of the Google Play Billing System and anti steering restraints imposed unfair and discriminatory conditions on app developers, denied market access to payment aggregators and rival payment processors, distorted incentives for technical development in in app payment processing, and amounted to leveraging dominance; it identified discriminatory treatment of Google's own apps and differing integration methods for UPI apps as additional anticompetitive conduct, and prescribed measures to permit third party billing, prohibit anti steering, ensure non discrimination, and require transparent data and fee policies.