Fiscal consolidation strengthens resilience while prioritizing capital expenditure and coordinated fiscal support for growth.
The fiscal stance is oriented toward fiscal consolidation while preserving growth-supporting expenditure: rolling targets show reductions in fiscal, revenue and primary deficits and a modest decline in central government debt as GDP ratios. Policy priorities allocate increased resources to capital spending and key social sectors, coordinate infrastructure planning, continue long-term interest-free assistance to States for capital projects, and strengthen cash management through systems like SNA/TSA to support resilient macroeconomic outcomes.

Capital expenditure increase supports fiscal consolidation and greater private credit availability under the interim budget framework.
Interim budget increases the Central Government's Capital Expenditure outlay for 2024-25, sustaining growth and employment multipliers and including continuation of a fifty year interest free loan scheme for states. Revised estimates for 2023-24 record higher revenue and tax receipts and a fiscal deficit of 5.8% of GDP; the 2024-25 fiscal deficit is estimated at 5.1% of GDP. The estimates project lower central government borrowings to expand private sector credit and specify gross and net market borrowings through dated securities for 2024-25.

Creation of a technology investment corpus to boost private investment and long term, low interest financing for sunrise technologies.
The Government proposes a dedicated corpus to mobilise private investment in sunrise technologies by providing long term financing or refinancing on concessional terms, capitalised through a fifty year interest free loan structure to offer long tenors and low or nil interest rates. A complementary scheme is proposed to strengthen deep tech for defence and advance atmanirbharta, aiming to catalyse research, innovation and private sector scale up in critical technology domains.

MSME finance and capacity building prioritized to enable resource-efficient growth and strengthen financial sector readiness.
Policy emphasises targeted MSME support through timely and adequate finance, technology facilitation, training and regulatory orientation to enhance growth and global competitiveness. Concurrently, the Government pursues resource-efficient economic growth and energy security, guided by the principle Reform, Perform, and Transform, and will advance next-generation reforms while preparing the financial sector's size, capacity, skills and regulatory framework to meet investment needs.

Agricultural value addition expanded to boost farmer incomes through post-harvest investment, processing and technology adoption.
Interim budget measures promote value addition in agriculture by expanding public and private investment in post-harvest infrastructure, processing, marketing and branding to increase farmer incomes, while providing income support and crop insurance; a strategy for oilseed self-reliance will address research, modern practices, market linkages, procurement and value addition; application of nano-formulated DAP will be expanded across agro-climatic zones to complement technology adoption.

Housing support for middle class to buy or build homes, expanding PM Awas Yojana to meet rising household needs.
Launch of a government housing support scheme to assist specified middle class households living in rented accommodation, slums, chawls, and unauthorized colonies to buy or construct dwellings; and expansion of PM Awas Yojana (Grameen) to address increased household formation over the next five years.

Rooftop solarisation expands free household electricity and underpins green energy, EV adoption, and bio-manufacturing support.
Rooftop solarisation will enable households to receive up to 300 units of free electricity monthly and sell surplus to distribution companies, generating household savings, EV charging capacity, supply-chain entrepreneurship and technical employment. Complementary measures provide viability gap funding for offshore wind, set coal gasification and liquefaction capacity targets to reduce imports, mandate phased blending of compressed bio-gas into CNG and PNG, support biomass aggregation machinery, strengthen e-vehicle manufacturing and charging infrastructure with a payment security mechanism for e-buses, and establish a bio-manufacturing and bio-foundry scheme for biodegradable and bio-based products.

Long-term interest-free loans to states to finance development of iconic tourist centres under a quality-rating framework.
The central government will provide long-term interest-free loans to states on a matching basis to finance comprehensive development of iconic tourist centres, while establishing a framework for rating those centres by quality of facilities and services. Complementary measures include projects for port connectivity and tourism infrastructure on islands, promotion of domestic and spiritual tourism, and marketing initiatives to generate employment and enhance global competitiveness.

White paper on economy to analyse past mismanagement and draw lessons for future policy reform.
The Government will place a White Paper on the economy in Parliament comparing conditions before 2014 with the present to identify and draw lessons from alleged mismanagement of the earlier period; the White Paper is presented as an analytical review to inform future policy and reforms, set against a claim that the economy has since been restored to a sustainable growth path through improved governance and delivery.

Target expansion for Lakhpati Didi to broaden beneficiary reach and recognise self help group achievements nationwide.
Enhancement of the Lakhpati Didi target from two crore to three crore beneficiaries is announced to expand reach and recognise demonstrated successes of self help groups; 83 lakh SHGs with nine crore women have reshaped rural socio economic conditions and about one crore women have already become Lakhpati Didi, prompting scale up and formal recognition of achievements.

Aquaculture expansion under PM Matsya Sampada Yojana to boost productivity and double seafood exports nationwide.
Five integrated aquaparks will be established and implementation of Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana will be stepped up to raise aquaculture productivity, expand seafood exports and generate significant employment. A new Blue Economy 2.0 climate resilience scheme will support restoration, adaptation and integrated coastal aquaculture and mariculture. A comprehensive dairy support programme will be formulated, leveraging existing livestock schemes and infrastructure funds alongside measures to control foot and mouth disease.

Medical college expansion announced to use existing hospital infrastructure and a committee will assess sites and recommend implementation.
The interim budget announces establishment of additional Medical Colleges using existing hospital infrastructure across departments, with a Committee to examine facilities and recommend sites and implementation; it also proposes extending coverage of the Ayushman Bharat Scheme to include ASHA workers, Anganwadi workers and helpers, necessitating inter departmental coordination on accreditation, training capacity and beneficiary integration.

Cervical vaccination for adolescent girls to be promoted, alongside integrated maternal childcare and national immunisation digital platform.
Proposal establishes a Cervical Vaccination Programme directed at adolescent girls to prevent cervical cancer and to be actively promoted among eligible cohorts. It also mandates integration of maternal and child-care schemes into one comprehensive programme, expedited upgrading of Anganwadi Centres under Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0 to improve nutrition delivery and early childhood care, and national rollout of the U-WIN digital platform to manage immunisation and support Mission Indradhanush.

Retention of tax rates upheld; extension of targeted tax incentives and write off of small legacy direct tax demands announced.
The interim budget proposes to retain existing tax rates for direct and indirect taxes and to extend tax incentives for start-ups, sovereign and pension fund investments, and certain IFSC income exemptions until 31.03.2025. It also proposes withdrawal of small outstanding direct tax demands for earlier financial years to relieve petty, non-verified or disputed demands, a measure expected to benefit about one crore taxpayers.

Economic corridor poised to reshape trade and attract sustained foreign investment through negotiated bilateral investment treaties.
The India Middle East Europe Economic Corridor is framed as a strategic infrastructure and trade initiative expected to reconfigure global commerce and strengthen connectivity. The statement also stresses recent elevated Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows and a policy to negotiate bilateral investment treaties to encourage sustained foreign capital under a 'first develop India' approach, set against a backdrop of supply chain fragmentation and strategic competition for critical technologies and minerals.

Population growth risks: a high power committee to assess demographic challenges and recommend policy measures for national development.
Formation of a high power Committee is announced to examine challenges from accelerating population growth and demographic changes affecting the national development objectives of Viksit Bharat and Amrit Kaal, with a mandate to undertake extensive consideration and make recommendations to overcome those challenges.

GST unification boosts tax base and average monthly collections, driving state revenue buoyancy and consumer benefits.
Unification of indirect taxation through the Goods and Services Tax is credited with materially expanding the tax base and increasing collections, with average monthly gross GST collections nearly doubling and the registered taxpayer base more than doubling. The budget links reduced compliance burden and supply-chain efficiencies to higher receipts and reports that States' SGST revenue buoyancy in the post-GST period exceeded pre-GST levels, while customs trade-facilitation measures reduced import release times.

Income tax regime reform reduces rates and expands thresholds, while streamlining filing and accelerating refund processing.
The interim budget introduces reduced personal and corporate tax rates and higher presumptive taxation thresholds, alongside administrative reforms including faceless assessment and appeal, updated income-tax return forms, a revised Form 26AS, and pre-filling of returns, measures said to have expanded return filers, increased direct tax collections, and sharply reduced average return processing time.

Youth financing corpus to provide long term interest relief loans and refinance support, aimed at scaling tech research and innovation.
The Interim Budget proposes a dedicated youth financing corpus offering fifty year interest free loans and long tenor financing or refinancing with low or nil interest, intended to provide sustained capital for research, innovation and scaling in sunrise technology domains and to crowd in private sector participation by improving risk return dynamics for youth led ventures.

Triple talaq illegal: legislative and policy measures reinforced by financial, housing and education initiatives to empower women.
Making triple talaq illegal is presented alongside reservation of one-third legislative seats and allocation of a majority of rural PM Awas Yojana houses to women as sole or joint owners, forming legal and property-based measures to enhance women's dignity; complementary economic and educational measures-Mudra loan support, increased female higher-education and STEM enrolment, and efforts to boost workforce participation-are described as integrated policies to empower women.