Financial Instruments: classification, recognition, measurement and presentation obligations for entities, including hedge accounting and disclosure requirements. Ind AS guidance defines financial instruments as contracts creating a financial asset for one party and a financial liability for another, and prescribes recognition and derecognition rules, classification criteria determining measurement bases such as fair value or amortised cost, and hedge accounting. Presentation requirements address classification as liability versus equity and netting, while disclosure obligations demand transparency on classification, measurement choices, hedge treatments, and contract terms relevant to financial position and performance.